Trabajo de grado - Maestr?a
An?lisis de la adopci?n de pr?cticas agroecol?gicas en producciones agr?colas en la regi?n del Sumapaz
Registro en:
Sabogal D?az, Nilson Andr?s. An?lisis de la adopci?n de pr?cticas agroecol?gicas en producciones agr?colas en la regi?n del Sumapaz.
Autor
Sabogal D?az, Nilson Andr?s
Institución
Resumen
243 p. Recurso Electr?nico En esta investigaci?n se realiz? un an?lisis de la adopci?n de pr?cticas agroecol?gicas en sistemas productivos agr?colas en la regi?n del Sumapaz, la cual se caracteriza por su producci?n agropecuaria, por ser el principal proveedor de alimentos de origen vegetal y animal a la capital del pa?s y por poseer el p?ramo m?s grande del mundo, el Parque Nacional Sumapaz con 154.000 hect?reas.
La metodolog?a se bas? en la caracterizaci?n y tipificaci?n mediante muestreo a 71 sistemas de producci?n agr?cola en los municipios de Fusagasug?, Silvania, Granada, Tibacuy, San Bernardo, Arbel?ez, Pasca y Venecia, en los que se evidencian manejos heterog?neos como pr?cticas en agricultura org?nica con proyecci?n a agroecolog?a, pr?cticas de agricultura convencional y tradicional. Sumado a lo anterior, se aplicaron encuestas a los productores en las que se eval?an cuatro dimensiones: econ?mica, social, ambiental y tecnol?gica, con estos datos se calcul? el ?ndice de adopci?n de dichas pr?cticas.
Los resultados de la encuesta permiten determinar informaci?n relevante, en el componente econ?mico se establece que el 79% de los agricultores son propietarios de la tierra, an?logamente entre el 35% y 38% se dedican a la producci?n agr?cola ? pecuaria y un 46% a actividades no agr?colas en las que combinan las faenas de la finca con otras actividades de subempleo. En cuanto a la explotaci?n de las unidades productivas de acuerdo con sus sistemas de diversificaci?n, se pudo constatar que la distribuci?n es media.
En otro orden de ideas, este grupo de productores pertenecen a asociaciones consolidadas y con registros legales que en la pr?ctica no logran desarrollar su misi?n.
Dado que un 42% de los productores dependen del riego por aspersi?n y el 63,4% realizan aprovechamiento de residuos org?nicos, tambi?n se determina que los
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productores tienen un nivel medio de adopci?n de pr?cticas agroecol?gicas por categor?as.
En el desarrollo de la encuesta se pudo constatar que un grupo de productores demuestra inter?s frente a actividades de adopci?n de tecnolog?as, igulamente se observ? un grupo de productores en varios estados de transici?n hacia la agricultura org?nica, los cuales han adoptado una aproximaci?n a pr?cticas agroecol?gicas.
Posteriormente se aplic? un modelo de regresi?n log?stica multinomial, el cual arroj? las verosimilitudes en adopci?n de pr?cticas agroecol?gicas como infraestructura 17,7%, producci?n agr?cola 12%, nivel educaci?n madre 44,4%, insumos qu?micos 5,7%, manejo agua 23,1%, venta productos 5,9%, participaci?n en eventos 16%. Para ello, el modelo estad?stico usado es el Coeficiente de Informaci?n de Akaike, el cual arroja un AIC= 51,9%.
Por otro lado, se realiz? un an?lisis exploratorio de los datos arrojados por la encuesta, un an?lisis de correspondencias m?ltiples (ACM) y an?lisis de conglomerados (AC). Finalmente, se aplic? la Matriz de Vester y DOFA y se construy? un ?rbol de problemas y objetivos con el fin de generar ideas y soluciones a la adopci?n de pr?cticas agroecol?gicas en la regi?n del Sumapaz. Palabras clave: Tipos de manejo, desarrollo rural, producciones org?nicas, diversidad. In this investigation, an analysis of the adoption of agroecological practices in agricultural productive systems in the Sumapaz region was carried out, which is characterized by its agricultural production, as it is the main supplier of food of vegetable and animal origin to the capital of the country and for owning the largest moor in the world, the Sumapaz National Park with 154,000 hectares. The methodology was based on the characterization and typing by sampling of 71 agricultural production systems in the municipalities of Fusagasug?, Silvania, Granada, Tibacuy, San Bernardo, Arbel?ez, Pasca and Venecia, which show heterogeneous management as practices in organic agriculture with projection to agroecology, practices of conventional and traditional agriculture. In addition to the above, surveys were applied to producers in which four dimensions are evaluated: economic, social, environmental and technological, with these data the rate of adoption of these practices was calculated. The results of the survey make it possible to determine relevant information, in the economic component it is established that 79% of the farmers own the land, similarly between 35% and 38% are dedicated to agricultural - livestock production and 46% to non-agricultural activities in which they combine the work of the farm with other underemployment activities. Regarding the exploitation of the productive units according to their diversification systems, it was found that the distribution is average. In another order of ideas, this group of producers belong to consolidated associations and with legal records that in practice fail to carry out their mission. Given that 42% of producers depend on sprinkler irrigation and 63.4% use organic waste, it is also determined that producers have an average level of adoption of agroecological practices by category.
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In the development of the survey it was found that a group of producers demonstrates interest in the adoption of technology activities, and a group of producers in several states of transition towards organic agriculture were also observed, which have adopted an approach to agroecological practices. Subsequently, a multinomial logistic regression model was applied, which showed the likelihoods of adopting agroecological practices such as infrastructure 17.7%, agricultural production 12%, mother education level 44.4%, chemical inputs 5.7%, water management 23.1%, sale of products 5.9%, participation in events 16%. For this, the statistical model used is the Akaike Information Coefficient, which yields an AIC = 51.9%. On the other hand, an exploratory analysis of the data thrown by the survey, a multiple correspondence analysis (ACM) and cluster analysis (CA) was performed. Finally, the Vester Matrix and DOFA were applied and a tree of problems and objectives was built in order to generate ideas and solutions to the adoption of agroecological practices in the Sumapaz region. Keywords: Types of management, rural development, organic productions, diversity.