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Estudio comparativo del genoma mitocondrial en aves y el impacto de la variabilidad gen?tica en la adaptaci?n
Autor
Medina Camacho, Natalia Sof?a
Institución
Resumen
93 p. El genoma mitocondrial de vertebrados presenta caracter?sticas relativamente conservadas, sin embargo, se observa que presenta algunas diferencias en su arquitectura especificas de grupos taxonomicos. Las aves son organismos que necesitan altos requerimientos en su tasa metab?lica que podr?an estar ligados a variaciones en el mitogenoma. Este estudio busca identificar las caracter?sticas evolutivas del mitogenoma y su relaci?n en la adaptaci?n en ?rdenes de aves. Se analizaron 620 mitogenomas completos de aves disponibles en la plataforma NCBI. Se detectaron errores de anotaci?n con herramientas bioinform?ticas y se caracteriz? la arquitectura del mitogenoma de aves. Para hallar y analizar genes variables, se realizaron an?lisis como alineamintos pareados y multiples, Codon Usage, estructura secundaria de RNAs; para relacionarlos con criterios de adaptaci?n, observando asociaciones que revelen procesos adaptativos. Los mitogenomas fueron agrupados en 28 ?rdenes taxonomicos para determinar diferencias geneticas. Se encontraron 77 errores de anotaci?n, 72 eventos de reorganizaci?n que establecieron convergencias. Para la arquitectura, se encontr? la organizaci?n en el mitogenoma t?pica en aves y una reorganizaci?n derivada. Este es el primer trabajo que intenta relacionar la variabilidad del mitogenoma con caracteres adaptativos, dando resultados positivos en regi?n control y genes adyacentes para algunos ordenes con adaptaciones acu?ticas. A nivel molecular, los resultados no necesariamente pueden estar ligados a las adaptaciones, ya que hace falta corroborar estos resultados con estudios especificos a nivel de familia y g?nero, para defirnir si hay alguna asociaci?n entre variabilidad genetica mitocondrial con la adaptacion y confirmar la importancia del mitogenoma en procesos evolutivos de aves. The vertebrate mitochondrial genome has relatively conserved characteristics, however, it is observed that it presents some differences in its architecture specific to taxonomic groups. Birds are organisms that need high metabolic rate requirements that could be linked to variations in the mitogenome. This study seeks to identify the evolutionary characteristics of the mitogenome and its relationship in adaptation in bird orders. 620 complete bird mitogenomas available on the NCBI platform were analyzed. Annotation errors were detected with bioinformatic tools and the architecture of the bird mitogenome was characterized. To find and analyze variable genes, analyzes were performed as paired and multiple alignments, Codon Usage, RNAs secondary structure; to relate them to adaptation criteria, observing associations that reveal adaptive processes. Mitogenomes were grouped into 28 taxonomic orders to determine genetic differences. 77 annotation errors were found, 72 reorganization events that established convergences. For architecture, organization in the typical bird mitogenome and a derived reorganization were found. This is the first work that tries to relate the variability of the mitogenome with adaptive characters, giving positive results in the control region and adjacent genes for some orders with aquatic adaptations. At the molecular level, the results may not necessarily be linked to adaptations, since these results need to be corroborated with specific studies at the family and gender level, to determine if there is any association between mitochondrial genetic variability with adaptation and confirm the importance of mitogenome in evolutionary processes of birds.