Tesis
Nitrogênio e potássio na adubação do cártamo cultivado em latossolo vermelho
Fecha
2014-12-12Registro en:
ANICÉSIO, Ellen Cristina Alves de. Nitrogênio e potássio na adubação do cártamo cultivado em latossolo vermelho. 2014. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rondonópolis, 2014.
Autor
Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423
Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da
960.432.454-34
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423
Silva, Tonny José Araújo da
781.203.064-49
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405
960.432.454-34
Koetz, Marcio
892.874.600-00
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194
Guimarães, Geovane Lima
684.690.805-63
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6882737457949719
Institución
Resumen
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a promising crop to disseminate in
Brazil for biodiesel production. However, the lack of basic knowledge about cultivation
techniques, such as the nutritional requirement of the crop, are still obstacles to it’s
expansion. Nitrogen and potassium are the nutrients that are extracted in greater
amounts by plants, and their availability and the proper proportion between these
nutrients in the soil are important factors in plant development. Thus, the objective was
to study the effect of the combined rates of nitrogen and potassium on fertilization in
safflower that is grown in Oxisol. This experiment was performed in a greenhouse
using Oxisol that was collected under Cerrado vegetation in the 0-0.2-m layer. The
experimental design was randomized blocks, and the treatments were arranged in a
5×5 factorial scheme, corresponding to five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mg
dm-3) and five potassium rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3) with four replications.
At 55 days after plant emergence, the first experimental evaluation was performed,
where the following were analyzed, phytometric characteristics: number of leaves,
plant height and stem diameter; nutritional: chlorophyll index; and water consumption.
At 74 days after emergence, in addition to the variables of the first evaluation, the
following were determined, phytometric characteristics: number and diameter of
heads; productive: dry mass of the aerial part, heads, roots and total; nutritional:
concentration and accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in aerial part and heads;
and efficient of water use. The results were analyzed by the response surface through
the "Statistical Analysis System" (SAS, 2002). There was no significant interaction
between nitrogen and potassium, with an isolated effect of factors for all of the
variables at 55 and 74 days after emergence. Fertilization with nitrogen increased the
number of leaves and the stem diameter in both of the evaluations. The chlorophyll
index was positively influenced by nitrogen fertilization in both evaluations, with highest
value found at a nitrogen rate of 168 mg dm-3. The number and diameter of the heads;
the dry mass of the aerial part, heads, and total; and the efficiency of water use
adjusted the regression quadratic model to nitrogen fertilization, with higher resulting
nitrogen rates at 137, 122, 95, 124, 102 and 82 mg dm-3, respectively. The nitrogen
concentration in the aerial part and in the heads adjusted the regression linear model;
however, the higher nitrogen accumulation in aerial part and heads were provided by
nitrogen doses of 169 and 154 mg dm-3, respectively; the highest potassium
accumulation in aerial part and heads were found at nitrogen rates of 90 and 108 mg
dm-3, respectively. The potassium fertilization had an isolated effect for all of the
variables except for the chlorophyll index and head diameter with linear increasing.
The nitrogen and potassium fertilization, in isolation, positively influences the
phytometric characteristics, productive and nutritional of safflower plants after 55 and
74 days of cultivation.