dc.contributorBetancourt López, Liliana Lucía
dc.contributorNutrición Animal de UNCP
dc.creatorRuiz Real, Alejandra Victoria
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-26T20:27:15Z
dc.date.available2021-04-26T20:27:15Z
dc.date.created2021-04-26T20:27:15Z
dc.date.issued2020-08-18
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79414
dc.identifierUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.description.abstractEl enfoque dinámico de la industria avícola ha favorecido su crecimiento anual basado en una producción eficiente y eficaz. La salud intestinal ha sido ampliamente investigada con base en la importancia de obtener óptimos procesos fisiológicos e inmunológicos a nivel entérico y su impacto sobre el estado general del pollo de engorde. Los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento se han empleado con el objetivo de mejorar índices productivos y prevenir patologías que involucren alteración de la eubiosis intestinal y promuevan homeostasis general. Sin embargo, debido al riesgo de aparición de mecanismos de resistencia a los antimicrobianos por parte de cepas bacterianas por el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos a dosis subterapéuticas, numerosas alternativas naturales han sido evaluadas como reemplazo a los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento en producción animal. Los extractos de plantas han sido investigados como alternativas naturales a los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento al favorecer mecanismos de integridad intestinal, optimizar capacidad digestiva del alimento y mejorar el desempeño productivo de pollos de engorde. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de una mezcla de extractos de plantas sobre rendimiento fisiológico y productivo en pollo de engorde. El experimento se llevó a cabo con 480 machos Ross 308 AP divididos en tres tratamientos: Grupo CON dieta basal sin aditivos, Grupo AB suplementado con Bacitracina Metileno Disalicilato y Halquinol continuo y Grupo EP con una mezcla de extractos de plantas. El experimento tuvo una duración de 35 días. La dieta basal para todos los grupos experimentales tuvo inclusión de 3 % de frijol-soya crudo con 2.41 upH de actividad ureásica. Las aves suplementadas con la mezcla de Allium Sativum, Origanum Vulgare y Thymus vulgaris generaron una regulación de todas las citoquinas evaluadas (IL 1-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10). Los parámetros morfológicos a nivel intestinal en las aves tratadas fueron mejores. El grupo EP presentó mejor desempeño en peso vivo, ganancia diaria de peso, relación de conversión de alimento, e índices de producción en el periodo de finalización (P<0.001). Esto permite inferir que la suplementación con una mezcla de aceites esenciales de Allium sativum, Origanum vulgare y Thymus vulgaris permitió contrarrestar los efectos negativos de la presencia de frijol soya crudo en la dieta de los pollos de engorde. Se evidenció una mayor pigmentación en aves con alternativas naturales sin efectos adversos sobre la calidad de la canal y un mayor rendimiento en canal y de pechuga con respecto al grupo control (P<0.05). La suplementación dietaria de mezclas de extractos de plantas demostró ser una alternativa a los antibióticos promotores de crecimiento al mejorar el rendimiento productivo y calidad de la canal en dietas con la inclusión de frijol soya crudo.
dc.description.abstractThe dynamic approach of the poultry industry has favored its annual growth based on efficient and effective production. Intestinal health has been extensively investigated based on the importance of understanding optimal physiological and immunological processes at enteric level and its impact on the broiler general condition. Antibiotics growth promoters have been used to improve production rates and prevent pathologies that involve alteration of intestinal eubiosis and promote general homeostasis. However, due to the risk of the appearance of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms by bacterial strains due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic doses, numerous natural alternatives have been evaluated as replacement for antibiotics growth promoters in animal production. Plant extracts have been investigated as natural alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), by promoting intestinal integrity mechanisms, optimizing feed digestive capacity and improving the productive performance in broilers. The trial was conducted with 480 one-day-old male broilers of the Ross AP 308 divided into 3 treatments: Group CON Basal diet without promoter additives, Group AB supplemented with Bacitracin methylene disalicylate and Halquinol continuously, and Group EP with a mixture of plant extracts. The experiment lasted up to the 35th day of age. The basal diet for all the experimental groups included 3% raw soybeans with 2.41 pHu of urease activity. Supplemented broilers with a mix of Allium sativum, Origanum vulgare y Thymus vulgaris essential oils, generated a regulation of all evaluated cytokines (IL 1-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10). The intestinal morphology parameters in treated groups were better. The EP group showed a better performance on body weight, feed convertion ratio, daily weight gain and productive indexes throughout the growth period (p<0.001). This allows us to infer that supplementation with a mixture of essential oils from Allium sativum, Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris allowed to counteract the negative effects of the presence of raw soybeans in the diet of broilers. Greater pigmentation was evidenced in broilers with natural alternatives without adverse effects on carcass quality and higher carcass and breast yield compared to the control group (P <0.05). The dietary supplementation of mixtures of plant extracts proved to be an alternative to antibiotics growth promoters by improving the productive yield and quality of the carcass in diets with the inclusion of raw soybean.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisherBogotá - Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia - Maestría en Salud y Producción Animal
dc.publisherFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia
dc.publisherBogotá
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.titleEfecto de una mezcla de extractos de plantas sobre indicadores de integridad intestinal y parámetros productivos en pollo de engorde
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría


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