Dissertação
Aspectos fonoaudiológicos e qualidade de vida de idosos residentes em um município de pequeno porte do RS
Fecha
2012-03-02Registro en:
CÁCERES, Janice Vielmo. SPEECH, LANGUAGE AND HEARING ASPECTS AND QUALITY OF
LIFE OF ELDERLY RESIDENTS IN A SMALL TOWN OF RS. 2012. 191 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fonoaudiologia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2012.
Autor
Cáceres, Janice Vielmo
Institución
Resumen
This research dealt with various aspects of speech, language and hearing involved in human
aging. His goal was to analyze the quality of life related to general health and speech therapy aspects
of a sample of elderly residents in a small city of Rio Grande do Sul had specific objectives to
characterize them in terms of age, gender, marital status, education, socioeconomic status, general
health, as well as associate the linguistic manifestations and perceptions of hearing, voice and
stomatognathic system with the biological conditions, cultural partner, and quality of life. The sample
consisted of 237 subjects aged 60 years or more, accompanied by Health Units. These were contacted
and invited to participate and informed of its objectives and procedures for the Community Health
Agents then signed the TCLE and were applied CCEB and WHOQOL Bref questionnaires, as well as
a roadmap for speech evaluation, aiming at understanding spoken language and the perception of the
elderly as their hearing, voice and stomatognathic system. The demographics, health conditions,
perceptions of hearing, voice and stomatognathic system as well as on quality of life were statistically
analyzed. The language data were interpreted qualitatively, according to references denunciativediscourse
that support this research. The sample was composed of both gender, women accounted for
the majority (62.4%), 45.1% of the subjects were married, 89% had completed fourth grade of
elementary school and 90% of them belonged to classes C and D. It is noteworthy that 85.7% of the
elderly complained of illness and 84.8% used drugs, 37.6% complained of voice disorders, hearing
impairment of 46.4%, 28.7% of difficulty in chewing and 23 3% in swallowing, and 86.3% were users
of dental prosthesis. There was a significant association between dental in women (p = 0.002) and
changes in voice class B (p = 0.039). As for the quality of life was significantly associated (p <0.05)
domains of WHOQOL short when comparing the results between groups of different sociodemographic
situations and biological conditions. The average overall (general area) of the studied
population was 14.74, suggesting good quality of life of elderly residents in the municipality. The
average overall (general area) of the study population was 14.74, suggesting good quality of life of
elderly residents in the municipality. Regarding the analysis of oral language, it was found that the
various commands do not directly influence the narratives of the elderly, but cooperative strategies /
negotiated by the interlocutors were determining factors for the development and significance of those.
The most recurrent themes were loss of family members, illness, marriage and birth of children. It was
concluded that socio-demographic factors alone do not influence changes in the complaints of speech
therapy, as are low impact on quality of life. However, biological factors (gender, age, diseases in
general and changes in voice, hearing, swallowing and chewing) influence the subjective perception of
quality of life of seniors. As for the language, it was shown that social interaction spaces enable the
productive use of language. It is recommended that speech highlighting the subjective perception of
individuals about their living conditions and health, expanding its activities beyond the clinical,
rehabilitative, with the aim of ensuring comprehensive health care to the elderly.