Tese
Borboletas frugívoras (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) do centro oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Fecha
2013-03-28Registro en:
PAZ, Ana Luiza Gomes. Fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
from midwestern of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brasil. 2013. 98 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2013.
Autor
Paz, Ana Luiza Gomes
Institución
Resumen
Fragmentation and habitat loss caused by human activities are the main threats to
biodiversity. In Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), mainly in the Pampa biome in Southern
State, the growing demand for production and consequent expansion of agriculture
and forestry activities plus the lack of protection, increased its vulnerability. The fruitfeeding
butterflies comprehend about 50% of the Nymphalidae species in neotropical
forests. They are attracted and sampled with bait traps and consist of good tools for
environmental monitoring. Additionally, temporal studies of this guild can help
planning studies in areas not yet inventoried. This work aims to provide a list of fruitfeeding
butterfly species of Midwestern of RS State and analyzed the temporal
variation in richness, abundance and species composition. In parallel, we updated the
regional Satyrini species list based on field studies (net sampling) and literature, and
verified the influences of spatial and environmental variables on the species
distribution in southern Brazil. This study was conducted at the municipalities of
Jaguari, São Francisco de Assis and São Vicente do Sul, in Pampa biome, southern
Brazil. Fruit-feeding butterflies were sampled bimonthly with the use of bait traps
from January 2010 to December 2011, in nine sampling sites, where microclimatic
variables were also measured. At these sites, the Satyrini butterflies were sampled
with entomological net, from January 2010 to January 2011. After 2160 traps/days,
3288 individuals, belonging to 44 species and subspecies, were registered. Satyrinae
family showed the greater number of species (57%), followed by Biblidinae (23%),
Charaxinae (18%) and Nymphalinae (2%). Narope panniculus Stichel 1904 is new
record for the RS State. Thirty seven species and 3822 individuals were used in
temporal analyses. The results showed no significant seasonal pattern neither species
richness differences among seasons, despite the register of temporal variation in the
fruit-feeding butterflies assemblages studied. The total abundance was influenced by
the subfamily Satyrinae abundance. The rare species played an important role in the
composition of this community. Temperature, relative humidity and luminosity were
the microclimate variables that contributed more in the assemblages structuring. For
the 40 Satyrini species analyzed, differences in temperature, phytoecological region
and spatial position proved to affect their distribution in southern Brazil. The
Midwestern of RS State harbors a rich and peculiar fauna of fruit-feeding butterflies
that should be preserved. It is important to create incentives for sustainable land use
and public policies aiming biodiversity conservation to ensure the survival of species
and their environments, especially in areas that are not legally protected.