Implante de cateter de diálise peritoneal: técnica de Seldinger e técnica cirúrgica, resultados no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria

Abstract

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well-established modality of renal replacement therapy, which has as a principle for its proper function the guaranteed access to the peritoneal cavity. PD catheter implant technique should be safe, as well as provide minimal inconvenience to the patient, agility for the service, and few complications. At the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM; Santa Maria, RS, Brazil), the catheters were inserted by laparotomy since the 1980s. It is been desired by the Nephrology department an alternative to facilitate the procedure, leading to greater agility and greater autonomy of the service. This study aimed to analyze the results obtained by professionals trained to implant peritoneal catheters with the Seldinger technique, recently implemented, and those obtained with the standard surgical technique. The samples were obtained from medical records of patients with endstage chronic kidney disease at the Nephrology department of HUSM with peritoneal dialysis indication (n=104). The demographic profile of the patients was evaluated, as well as the presence of infection and / or bleeding in the surgical wound, the first infusion and the 30-day functionality of the catheters, and the survival rate one and two years after implant. Data for each peritoneal catheter insertion mode were expressed as frequencies and then compared by chi-square, Fisher exact or Mann Whitey tests, with a 5% significance level. The profile of the two groups had similar characteristics in relation to gender, age, history of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. The functionality of the implant at first infusion was also similar for both groups (83.9%for Seldinger vs. 79% for surgery). When evaluated the functionality in 30 days, the Seldinger technique demonstrated a higher success rate (76.7%) than the surgical technique (43.6%) (P-value=0,002). Regarding the presence of infection and / or bleeding in the outside wound, the percentage was similar for both groups (14.8% for Seldinger vs. 16.9% for surgical). The survival rate of the catheters at 1 and 2 years was also similar for both groups (37% and 14.8% for Seldinger, 23.7% and 20.6% for surgery, respectively). Given these results, it can be concluded that the implant of peritoneal catheters by Seldinger technique is a qualified alternative that allows greater agility to the service since it is an ambulatory procedure, can be performed by nephrologists and involves less patient management; having similar functionality to surgical implant according to the experience reported at HUSM.