Caracterización de pacientes pediátricos con cetoacidosis diabética de acuerdo a la presentación de la diabetes mellitus en hospitales de Colombia, 2017 – 2018

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (CAD) in pediatrics is a common complication of diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM-1). Several factors influence the response to treatment and its metabolic behavior may vary according to whether the diabetic is known or is a debut. Objective: We describe the variables associated with CAD in patients under 18 years of age, including demographic, clinical, paraclinical characteristics, hospital stay and complications. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of a sample of 391 pediatric patients stratified by severity of CAD on admission between July 2007 and August 2018. Demographic, clinical, biochemical and omplications during the event (CAD) are described. Results: Of the 391 patients, 236 patients identified as known diabetics. 155 patients debut. Of the total 59.8% women vs 40.2% men. If CAD is classified by the pH value, the percentage of patients with mild CAD is 43.7% followed by moderate CAD 25.6% and severe CAD 30.7%, while if it is classified by the value of bicarbonate cases of CAD are predominantly moderate with 43.1%, followed by severe CAD with 28.3% and slight 28.1%. The stay of patients with CAD debut is greater both in hospitalization and in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: CAD has a different metabolic behavior and a degree of severity according to the variable used to classify it either pH or bicarbonate, using the bicarbonate values allows biochemically classifying the disorder more specifically, the most frequent complication was cerebral edema and it occurs in cases of severe CAD. The hospital stay is longer in cases of severe CAD.