info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
La actividad humana como factor modificador del ecosistema de dunas, en el área de influencia del proyecto especial chavimochic - Perú
Fecha
2008Autor
Rodríguez Lacherre, Manuel Roberto
Institución
Resumen
The dunes are fragile ecosystems of the desert that possess certain ecological-environmental, geographical and patrimonial value. In the present work, the results of the effect of the human activity are presented as modifier factor of the ecosystem of dunes in the area of influence of the Special Project CHAVIMOCHIC-Peru. The meteorological data of the period 2001- 2007 were analyzed; also, those of the decade of 1970, before the beginning of the project, with the purpose of identifying the changes in the atmospheric time (meteorological changes). Also, the characterization of the geomorphological units found that determine the geomorphology of the soil. Also, the data referred to the salinity of the agricultural soil, and to the flora components and native fauna before and after the setting in march the Project are reported, to elaborate the design of an environmental outline of the area that allows us to observe the environmental impacts that have been generated by the development of the agricultural frontier of the referred Project. The methodology was carried out, by the direct observation in field, information based on the specialized bibliography and open interviews. Among the flora species that have suffered changes, are Capparis scabrida “sapote", Prosopis pallida "algarrobo", and among the fauna species, Dicrodon guttulatum "cañán", Dicrodon heterolepis "borregón". Also, relating data to the development of plagues, as Bermisia tabaci "mosca blanca", Feltia expert "gusano de tierra” are presented, that in many cases, they have spread affecting seriously to the ecosystem of dunes massively and especially to the agricultural ecosystem of the valleys of the P.E.CH., favored by the escalation of the export agriculture and the new environmental characteristics in the Project. The results evidence modifications in the atmospheric variables (maximum, mean, minimum temperature), evapotranspiration, wind, precipitation, relative humidity, dew point). In a same way, it is observed erosion and reduction of the geomorphological units by the development of new agricultural areas, increase of the salinity of the agricultural soil, and a reduction in the number of species and of specimens for destruction of their habitat and ecological niches; modifications in the physical and biological components that added to the global climatic change they are resulting in alterations in the ecosystem of dunes.