Artigo
Prevalence and factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a referral hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Autor
Freitas, Brunnella Alcantara Chagas de
Peloso, Mirene
Silveira, Guilherme Lobo da
Longo, Giana Zarbato
Institución
Resumen
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study that used secondary data from premature infants who were born with less than 32 weeks of gestational age and were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and multivariate tests were used. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 88 premature infants were included in the study. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in 27.3% of the infants and was related to having a gestational age below 28 weeks (OR: 4.80; 95% CI: 1.50-15.34; p=0.008) and a patent ductus arteriosus (OR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.10-10.76; p=0.034). The group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia used mechanical ventilation for a longer duration, with a median of 24.5 days (p<0.0001). At discharge, the corrected and chronological ages were higher in the group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p<0.0001), with respective medians of 38.4 weeks and 70.5 days. Conclusions: In tthis study, the prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was high; the high prevalence was related to extreme prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus, a longer period under mechanical ventilation and prolonged hospitalization. The increased survival of infants with low gestational age makes this disorder a public health issue. Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à displasia broncopulmonar em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: Estudo transversal de dados secundários de prematuros nascidos com menos de 32 semanas de gestação, admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Utilizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e a regressão multivariada. Considerou-se p<0,05. Resultados: Estudaram-se 88 prematuros. A displasia broncopulmonar ocorreu em 27,3% e se associou à idade gestacional inferior a 28 semanas (OR: 4,80; IC95%: 1,50-15,34; p=0,008) e à persistência do canal arterial (OR: 3,44; IC95%: 1,10-10,76; p=0,034). O grupo com displasia broncopulmonar utilizou maior tempo de ventilação mecânica, com mediana de 24,5 dias (p<0,0001). No momento da alta, as idades corrigida e cronológica foram maiores no grupo com displasia broncopulmonar (p<0,0001), com medianas respectivas de 38,4 semanas e 70,5 dias. Conclusões: A prevalência de displasia broncopulmonar neste estudo foi elevada, associando-se à prematuridade extrema, à persistência do canal arterial, ao maior tempo de ventilação mecânica e ao prolongamento da internação. Essa morbidade constitui problema de saúde pública em razão do aumento da sobrevida dos prematuros de menores idades gestacionais.