Otro
Anatomical features of the urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. An essential translational tool
Registro en:
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, v. 26, n. SUPPL. 2, p. 106-110, 2011.
0102-8650
1678-2674
10.1590/S0102-86502011000800019
S0102-86502011000800019
2-s2.0-80555124917.pdf
2-s2.0-80555124917
Autor
Reis, Leonardo Oliveira
Sopena, Josep Maria Gaya
Fávaro, Wagner José
Martin, Mireia Castilho
Simão, Antônio Felipe Leite
Reis, Rodolfo Borges dos
Andrade, Murilo Ferreira de
Domenech, Josep Domingo
Cardo, Carlos Cordon
Resumen
PURPOSE: To present fundamental anatomical aspects and technical skills necessary to urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. METHODS: Urethral and bladder catheterization has been widely utilized for carcinogenesis and cancer research and still remains very useful in several applications: from toxicological purposes as well as inflammatory and infectious conditions to functional aspects as bladder dynamics and vesicoureteral reflux, among many others. RESULTS: Animal models are in the center of translational research and those involving rodents are the most important nowadays due to several advantages including human reproducibility, easy handling and low cost. CONCLUSIONS: Although technical and anatomical pearls for rodent urethral and bladder access are presented as tackles to the advancement of lower urinary tract preclinical investigation in a broaden sight, restriction to female animals hampers the male microenvironment, demanding future advances.