Experts in global health and health diplomacy have focused increasing attention on the impacts – on populations’ health and health systems – resulting from non-health sector policies defined and implemented at the global level. This trend explains the interest in the report by The Lancet-University of Oslo Commission on Global Governance for Health, published by the renowned British journal (Lancet 2014; 383:630-67). The report analyzes how the distribution of health risks is still extremely and unacceptably unequal, and that contrary to expectations, the current global governance system fails to protect the population’s health, with disastrous effects on the poor, vulnerable, and marginalized.