Em Jacobina, Bahia, o P. longipalpis pode ser encontrado no domicílio, abrigos de animais domésticos, locas de pedras e ocos de árvores. No peridomícilio a sua densidade, com predominância de machos, é maior que no interior das casas. Apenas em locas de pedras há proporções equivalentes de machos e fêmeas e por isso os autores acreditam que esse é o local de repouso natural do díptero.In Jacobina, State of Bahia, Brazil, where kala-azar is endemic, P. longipalpis was collected inside houses, outdoors on animals (horses, chickens, dogs, etc.), in caves and in tree trunk holes. Outdoors, its density is higher than in houses, in both places with predominance of males over females. In caves na equivalence of specimens males and females was found. For this reason the authors think that only caves are the natural resting place of P. longipalpis.