The type specimens of 142 nominal species of chewing and sucking lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera and Anoplura) held in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP) are listed. The list includes species in the families: Menoponidae and Gyropidae (Suborder Amblycera); Philopteridae (including species initially described in Heptapsogastridae) and Trichodectidae (Suborder Ischnocera); and Hoplopleuridae (Suborder Anoplura). The following type categories are represented in the collection: holotype, allotype, paratype, syntype, neotype, neoallotype, neoparatype and paralectotype. Information is taken from card data, and includes changes in nomenclatural status for each species since their original description. Two additional lists, one with updated scientific names for the lice (Appendix 1) and another with those for the host taxa (Appendix 2), are included.