Article
Animal Leptospirosis in Latin America and the Caribbean Countries: Reported Outbreaks and Literature Review (2002–2014)
Registro en:
PETRAKOVSKY, Jessica et al. Animal Leptospirosis in Latin America and the Caribbean Countries: Reported Outbreaks and Literature Review (2002–2014). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, v.11, n.10, p.10770-10789, 2014.
1660-4601
10.3390/ijerph111010770
Autor
Petrakovsky, Jessica
Bianchi, Alejandra
Fisun, Helen
Pereira, Martha Maria
Resumen
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease whose transmission is linked
through multiple factors in the animal-human-ecosystem interface. The data on
leptospirosis reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) for Latin
America and Caribbean (LAC) countries/sovereign territories from 2005–2011 were
mapped, showing a wide distribution of outbreaks in the region. Tropical terrestrial biomes
are the predominate ecosystems showing reports of outbreaks. Climatic and ecological
factors were relevant to the occurrence of epidemic outbreaks. The available scientific
information from 2002–2014 was summarized to obtain a general overview and identify
key issues related to the One Health approach. The primary serological test used for
diagnosis and for conducting surveys was the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
Reports regarding the isolation and typing of leptospires were scattered and limited to data
from a few countries, but their results revealed considerable biodiversity at the species and serovar levels. A total of six out of 11 currently named pathogenic species were found in
the region. There was also high diversity of animal species showing evidence of infection
by leptospires, including rodents, pets, livestock and wild animals. Prevention and control
measures for leptospirosis should consider issues of animal and human health in the
context of ecosystems, the territorial land borders of countries and trade.