Identificação dos fatores críticos de sucesso na implementação do Building Information Modeling pelo setor de pré-moldados de concreto

Abstract

The industrialization of construction is perceived as a solution to the problems of the conventional method of building, improving the sector’s productivity and the quality of products and rationalizing the use of human, financial and environmental resources. One of the strategies used by the prefabricated sector is the Building Information Modeling (BIM) implementation due to the reliability of the models’ information and the integration between systems and technologies. Despite the synergy between BIM and prefabricated construction, the BIM implementation is a complex process and presents barriers to success. In this sense, this dissertation has as its main objective the definition and analysis of the Critical Success Factors (CSF) related to the implementation of BIM in the precast concrete sector in Brazil. The research method adopted is exploratory and was initiated with a systematic literature review (RSL) where the 25 main barriers addressed in the literature were identified. Subsequently, questionnaires were applied to nine companies in the sector, where the respondents exposed their perceptions about the BIM implementation process in their respective companies. In the sample analyzed, the main improvements pointed out by the BIM adoption focus on improving information management and optimizing the design, production and assembly process. However, in the companies analyzed, there was some difficulty in planning the implementation process, from the definition of objectives, deadlines and responsible, contributing to a partial use of BIM and reduction of the benefits of adoption. Respondents also assessed 25 barriers identified in the RSL in relation to their degree of importance for the successful implementation of BIM using a Likert scale. Based on the score received by each barrier, ten FCS were defined: high initial cost; lack of trained BIM professionals; resistance to integrated and collaborative work; misunderstanding of the benefits of BIM; lack of BIM implementation plan; interoperability problems; lack of communication between the model and the production system; lack of technical support; lack of leadership from senior management; resistance to data sharing. Despite the small sample, the interrelationships between the FCS were analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to establish a roadmap for future research. Thus, the FCS were evaluated qualitatively through the PCA, considering the grouping of the FCS into two main components: factors related to people and organization and factors related to processes and technology.