Dissertação
Deglutição e qualidade de vida na síndrome pós-covid-19
Fecha
2023-03-30Autor
Pichini, Fernanda dos Santos
Institución
Resumen
Introduction: In the current context, the new coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, presents
itself as an acute infectious respiratory disease, with systemic repercussions, which
characterize the Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. This situation may be present in 30% of
patients who require hospitalization. Therefore, compromises in the swallowing process,
such as safety and efficacy during swallowing and quality of life have been the focus of
investigation. Objective: To investigate and relate aspects of swallowing and quality of
life of individuals who were infected by COVID-19, stratified by disease severity and sex.
Method: Cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study, which included adult
individuals, of both sexes, after hospitalization due to COVID-19 in a University Hospital
who were referred to the Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic of the
aforementioned Hospital in the period of August and December 2021. All were evaluated
from at least 30 days after the hospitalization period. Individuals who had laryngeal
alteration, neurological impairment, severe orofacial pain, including trigeminal neuropathy
prior to COVID-19 and lung disease not due to COVID-19 were excluded. Those eligible
for the study underwent risk assessment for dysphagia using the Eating Assessment
Tool-10 (EAT-10), clinical swallowing assessment using the Volume–Viscosity
Swallowing Test (V-VST) and Risk Assessment for Dysphagia (PARD) protocols.) and
the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). To complement the
assessments, data regarding the length of hospital stay, ICU stay and ventilatory support
were collected from the University Hospital Management Application (AGHU). Results:
39 adult individuals were included in the study, after hospitalization due to COVID-19, the
mean age was 51.7(18.9) years. The sample was stratified into critical 14 (35.9%) and
severe 25 (64.1%). The hospital stay of the total sample was 14 (3-60) days. When
analyzing the risk of dysphagia, due to the severity of COVID-19, it can be observed that
the critical group presented a risk for dysphagia in the EAT-10 questionnaire (21.4%); PARD (50%) and altered V-VST signs of efficacy (57.1%) and safety (21.4%), with
statistical difference between genders, in the EAT-10, women had a higher risk of
dysphagia than men (38.1%; p=0.04). In the severe group, the risk observed was in the
EAT-10 (28%), PARD (24%) and efficacy and safety (65.2% and 21.7%), respectively,
with no statistical differences between genders (p>0.05). As for quality of life (SF-36), a
statistical difference was found in the critical group, women had worse quality of life in the
domains of functional capacity (p=0.02); vitality (0.04); mental health (0.01) and general
health (p=0.01). Conclusion: The risk for dysphagia was found in patients with postCOVID-19 syndrome, in both groups of patients, severe and critical. And, in more than a
third of women, in the critical group, they were at risk for dysphagia. There was a
significant difference in quality of life between genders in the critical group. Women had
a greater impact on the domains of functional capacity, vitality, mental health and general
health.