Dissertação
Utilização de recursos de agricultura de precisão na geração de mapas de atributos, mapas de produtividade e aplicação de insumos a taxas variáveis.
Fecha
2004-02-27Autor
Werner, Valmir
Institución
Resumen
Abstract chapter 1 - Variability of a soy farming (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) using simplified techniques of precision agriculture.
This work had as main objective to determine and analyze the spatial variability in soy farming, comparing a yield map with maps of soil
chemical and physical attributes and plants technical parameters, using
simplified techniques of Precision Farming.
This research was accomplished in a commercial soy farming (crop
of 200 1/2002) of approximately 7,64 hectares, used by the Agricultural
School of Santa Maria - CASM - located in the campus of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria - RS. The area was in the third year of
the soy cultivation using the winter pasture with black oat grass (Avena
sativa) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in the cultural rotation. The samplings were accomplished in a grid of 50m x 50m, georeferencing with a
navigation GPS.
At the end of the research, it was concluded that the area shows located problems of calagem and fertility that can be corrected with variable
rate applications. This area also presents problems with little deep soil
(area with a larger soil penetration resistance) that limited the productivity
on that agricultural year.
The lineal correlation of the attributes studied with the productivity
has presented the following values: Soil penetration resistance presented
negative correlation of 46%; calcium 39,4%; magnesium 37,1%; harmful
plants with negative correlation of 27%; organic matter 18%; potassium
13,9%; pH 13,8%; plants of the culture 10,5% and the phosphorus with
negative correlation of 9,1%.
Abstract chapter 2 - Application of fertilizer at variable rate in precision farming varying the speed of displacement.
This work had as main objective to evaluate the performance of the
denominated "virtual implement" in the field, applying fertilizers throws.
The virtual Implement consists of a group in that the tractor (equipped for
the Precision Farming) uses any implement to accomplish the applications. The work variation and the specific management for the different
areas are just controlled by the tractor performance and your possibilities
of the speed variations. For so much, was determined on the field the work
width, distribution uniformity, distribution variation along the outline and the
applied rate variation.
The study was accomplished in one soy farming, in the locality of
Senador Salgado Filho, municipal district of Santa Rosa-RS. For better
representation of the tests, it was looked for a soil condition and farming
relief that represent the real situation of use of the machine group. The
fertilizer used in the tests had the formulation NPK 2-16-28. The machine
group using in the realization of the work was a tractor and a solids centrifugal distributor.
The results of this work shown that, in the situation of the study and
with the used fertilizer, it is possible to recommend the equipment for
widths between 20,5 and 22,5 meters in the two application circuits, with
variation coefficients (CV) below 15%. In the longitudinal distribution it was
obtained values of variation coefficients between 8,78% and 12,48%. The
used machine group allows to compose several application rates, could be
used the speed variation to alter them in the Precision Agriculture system.
Abstract chapter 3 - Correlation between yield maps generated by a harvester and manually, in precision farming
This work had as main objective to map the productivity of a
commercial soy farming collecting the data in two different ways (manual
and automated), correlating these maps amongst themselves.
This research was accomplished in a commercial area of soy,
destined to works in Precision Farming, in the municipal district of “NãoMe-Toque-RS”. This area is part of the Project Aquarius where participat
several companies that work with Precision Farming, in the State of “Rio
Grande do Sul”. This work was accomplished in an area with 124 ha,
located between the coordinates E 324883,39 - E 326192,19 and N
6843914,29 - N 6845403,71. From this area it was used 87,9 totaling 87
points of manual productivity collection. In the crop in precision farming
was used a grain harvester equipped with a automatic System data
collection.
The accompaniment, cleaning, calibrations of the group of
equipments are very important and they should be accomplished
periodically during the crop (collection of data) for the obtaining of maps of
better quality. In the crossing of the digital models, it was determined an
overlaping of 61% of the total area in the productivity between 3213 and
3713 kg, in the two models. Already in the classes two (2713-3213) and
three (3213 - 3713), an inversion of the productivities happens.