Artigo
Thoracic lymphadenopathy in benign diseases: A state of the art review
Fecha
2016Registro en:
Respiratory Medicine. London, v. 112, p. 10-17, 2016.
0954-6111
WOS000371096800002.pdf
10.1016/j.rmed.2016.01.021
WOS:000371096800002
Autor
Nin, Carlos Schueler
Souza, Vinicius Valerio Silveira de
Amaral, Ricardo Holderbaum do
Schuhmacher Neto, Roberto
Alves, Giordano Rafael Tronco
Marchiori, Edson
Irion, Klaus Loureiro
Balbinot, Fernanda
Meirelles, Gustavo de Souza Portes [UNIFESP]
Santana, Pablo
Gomes, Antonio Carlos Portugal
Hochhegger, Bruno
Institución
Resumen
Lymphadenopathy is a common radiological finding in many thoracic diseases and may be caused by a variety of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions. This review aims to describe the patterns of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy found in benign diseases in immunocompetent patients. Computed tomography is the method of choice for the evaluation of lymphadenopathy, as it is able to demonstrate increased size of individual nodes, abnormalities of the interface between the mediastinum and lung, invasion of surrounding fat, coalescence of adjacent nodes, obliteration of the mediastinal fat, and hypo- and hyperdensity in lymph nodes. Intravenous contrast enhancement may be needed to help distinguish nodes from vessels. The most frequent infections resulting in this finding are tuberculosis and fungal disease (particularly histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis). Sarcoidosis is a relatively frequent cause of lymphadenopathy in young adults, and can be distinguished from other diseases - especially when enlarged lymph nodes are found to be multiple and symmetrical. Other conditions discussed in this review are silicosis, drug reactions, amyloidosis, heart failure, Castleman's disease, viral infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.