Factores asociados a bajo peso al nacer en neonatos en el Hospital “Vicente Corral”-2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) is 7-31% and increases neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been associated with fetal and maternal factors. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of LBW in infants born of mothers under 21 years at “Vicente Corral” hospital of Cuenca, Ecuador during 2013. METHOD: This is a case-control study. Case: Newborn (NB) with <2500g. Control: NB with ≥2500g. Population: NB at “Vicente Corral” hospital, <48 hours of life, with mothers <21 years. Sample: 141 cases and 705 controls matched by sex and postnatal age. Statistical analysis: absolute and relative frequencies were obtained. The comparability of groups was tested by sex (test of χ2=0.000; P=1.000) and postnatal age (U test of Mann-Whitney; P>0.05). Associated factors to LBW were determined by binary analysis (OR>1; P<0.05) and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Incidence of LBW was 15.5%. From binary analysis, associated factors to LBW with P<0.001 were: twinning (OR=35.6), SGA (OR=34.1), prematurity (OR=25.5), maternal weight <58 kg at end of pregnancy (OR=2.8), increased gestational weight <8kg (OR=2.4), <5 prenatal controls (OR=2.4), threaten of preterm delivery (OR=4.9), RM ≥12 hours (OR=3.7), arterial hypertension in pregnancy (OR=2.7), eclampsia/preeclampsia (OR=3.5). True associated factors were: SGA (Exp B=49.6; P<0.001), prematurity (Exp B=36.3; P<0.001), HBP in pregnancy (Exp B=3.3; P=0.013), threatenofpretermlabor(ExpB=2.9; P=0.022), BMI<18.5kg/m2atthebeginningofgestation(Exp B=2.9; P=0.049) and weight <58kg at the end of gestation (Exp B=2.4; P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of LBW was high. Real associated factors to LBW were: PEG, prematurity, hypertension in pregnancy, threaten of preterm labor, BMI <18.5kg/m2 at the beginning of pregnancy and weight <58 kg at the end of gestation.