El consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas es un problema multifactorial; el alcohol, tabaco y la marihuana son las sustancias de mayor consumo en Ecuador en la población general y entre personas que viven con VIH-SIDA. El consumo de estas sustancias se asocia a la mala adherencia de los antirretrovirales y aumenta el riesgo de muchas condiciones. Por tanto, se evaluó el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en personas que viven con el VIH-SIDA, mediante un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Se incluye a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de VIH-SIDA que consumen PSU ingresados al hospital de infectología Dr. Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña de Guayaquil entre enero a diciembre de 2013; siendo la muestra 198 casos, empleándose historias clínicas, colectando múltiples variables como factores sociodemográficos, y laboratorio, donde la cohorte fue predominantemente masculina (63%), mestiza (86,5%), entre 30 y 44 años (53%), heterosexual (82%) de la provincia del Guayas (93%), el consumo más frecuente fue alcohol 43%, seguidos del tabaco 16,67%, drogas ilegales 8%; la media de CD4 fue de 235 células/mm3; además, existe asociación estadística entre el consumo de alcohol y el CD4+ < 200 células/mm3 con una p significativa de 0,002 y un Odd Ratio de 2,441 IC 95% 1,373-4,338. Se recomienda que un examen sistemático de las PSU y otras adicciones debe ser parte de la atención clínica de rutina.Palabras clave: Sustancias psicotrópicas; sida, tabaco, alcohol, drogas ilegales. ABSTRACT The use of psychotropic substances is a multifactorial problem; alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are the substances most consumed in Ecuador in the general population and among people living with HIV-AIDS. The use of these substances is associated with poor adherence to antiretrovirals and increases the risk of many conditions. Therefore, the consumption of psychoactive substances in people living with HIV-AIDS was evaluated through a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. All patients with a diagnosis of HIV-AIDS who consume PSU admitted to the Dr. Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña infectology hospital in Guayaquil between January and December 2013 are included; The sample being 198 cases, using medical records, collecting multiple variables as sociodemographic factors, and laboratory, where the cohort was predominantly male (63%), mixed race (86.5%), between 30 and 44 years old (53%), heterosexual (82%) of the province of Guayas (93%), the most frequent consumption was alcohol 43%, followed by tobacco 16.67%, illegal drugs 8%; the mean CD4 was 235 cells/mm3; Furthermore, there is a statistical association between alcohol consumption and CD4 + <200 cells/mm3 with a significant p of 0.002 and an Odd Ratio of 2.441 95% CI 1.373-4.338. It is recommended that a systematic examination for PSUs and other addictions should be part of routine clinical care.Keywords: Psychotropic substances; AIDS; tobacco; alcohol; illegal drugs. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de julio de 2020Fecha de aceptación: 30 de septiembre de 2020Fecha de publicación: 09 de enero de 2021The use of psychotropic substances is a multifactorial problem; alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are the substances most consumed in Ecuador in the general population and among people living with HIV-AIDS. The use of these substances is associated with poor adherence to antiretrovirals and increases the risk of many conditions. Therefore, the consumption of psychoactive substances in people living with HIV-AIDS was evaluated through a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. All patients with a diagnosis of HIV-AIDS who consume PSU admitted to the Dr. Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña infectology hospital in Guayaquil between January and December 2013 are included; The sample being 198 cases, using medical records, collecting multiple variables as sociodemographic factors, and laboratory, where the cohort was predominantly male (63%), mixed race (86.5%), between 30 and 44 years old (53%), heterosexual (82%) of the province of Guayas (93%), the most frequent consumption was alcohol 43%, followed by tobacco 16.67%, illegal drugs 8%; the mean CD4 was 235 cells/mm3; Furthermore, there is a statistical association between alcohol consumption and CD4 + <200 cells/mm3 with a significant p of 0.002 and an Odd Ratio of 2.441 95% CI 1.373-4.338. It is recommended that a systematic examination for PSUs and other addictions should be part of routine clinical care.Keywords: Psychotropic substances; AIDS; tobacco; alcohol; illegal drugs.