The present work contemplates the design through the safety assessment guidelines (FSA) issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the methods: Hazid identification (method of identification of extreme, occupational and installation risks) and Hazop (risk and operability). Reports regarding incidents, near misses and operational failures with the greatest environmental, economic, occupational and industrial impact, given in the Ecuadorian maritime sector, will be analyzed. An emergency plan has been designed for Ecuadorian-flagged oil tankers, with the purpose of safeguarding human lives, goods and ecosystems, complying with the guidelines of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Convention to Prevent Pollution by Ships or MARPOL 73 /78. Keywords: Risks, oil tankers, maritime accidents.El presente trabajo contempla el diseño mediante las directrices de evaluación de seguridad (FSA) emitida por la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) y los métodos: identificación Hazid (método de identificación de riesgos extremos, ocupacionales y de instalaciones) y Hazop (riesgo y operatividad). Se analizará los informes respecto a los incidentes, cuasi accidentes y fallas operativas de mayor impacto ambiental, económico, ocupacional e industrial, dados en el sector marítimo ecuatoriano. Se ha diseñado un plan de emergencias para buques petroleros de bandera ecuatoriana, con propósito de salvaguardar vidas humanas, bienes y ecosistemas, cumpliendo las directrices de la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) y el Convenio Internacional para Prevenir la Contaminación por los buques o MARPOL 73/78. Palabras claves: Riesgos, buques petroleros, accidentes marítimos. Abstract The present work contemplates the design through the safety assessment guidelines (FSA) issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the methods: Hazid identification (method of identification of extreme, occupational and installation risks) and Hazop (risk and operability). Reports regarding incidents, near misses and operational failures with the greatest environmental, economic, occupational and industrial impact, given in the Ecuadorian maritime sector, will be analyzed. An emergency plan has been designed for Ecuadorian-flagged oil tankers, with the purpose of safeguarding human lives, goods and ecosystems, complying with the guidelines of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Convention to Prevent Pollution by Ships or MARPOL 73 /78. Keywords: Risks, oil tankers, maritime accidents. Fecha de recepción: 13 de agosto de 2021; Fecha de aceptación: 29 de noviembre de 2021; Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2022.