info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Reduction of color and turbidity in wastewater of the municipal camal of Manta, through biofiltration with coconut shell (cocos nucifera) and rice shell (oryza sativa), january 2020.
Reducción de color y turbidez en aguas residuales del camal municipal de Manta, mediante biofiltración con cáscara de coco (cocos nucifera) y cascarilla de arroz (oryza sativa), enero 2020.
Autor
Cedeño-Loor, Roger Orley
Ayón-Hidalgo, Carlos César
Resumen
An alternative for wastewater management is the application of biological filters, which use natural processes for water purification; to solve sanitation problems, alternative and innovative technologies must be sought, biofilters allow a solution for the treatment of wastewater in an environmentally friendly way, reducing the negative impacts caused by the poor disposition of said waters. The effluents generated in the slaughterhouses contain: blood, manure, hair, fats, proteins and other soluble contaminants that, when mixed and not treated optimally, can interfere with the efficiency of the treatment plants or generate impacts on the environment. The efficiency of the residues of coconut husk and rice husk with commercial activated carbon as filters was evaluated in the removal of physical characteristics of wastewater from the road. Coconut husk was used for the residues of the processes of an artisan ice cream shop in the Manta canton, rice husk of the Rocafuerte canton rice crops, commercial activated carbon used in fish tanks obtained from a city distributed. The experimental scheme applied was a completely randomized design in bi-factorial arrangement with 9 treatments and 3 repetitions, between mixtures of activated carbon with both residues and others only with residues, filtering 500 ml of wastewater from the municipal road processes of the Manta canton, a total of 27 filters were developed as experimental units. Turbidity analysis was performed; and color, by absorbance through spectrophotometry, these being the variables to be evaluated in the investigation. The removal percentages resulting from the parameters evaluated were processed in the statistical software Info Stat version 2018 to perform the analysis of variance and Tukey test. There is only a significant difference between the treatments combined with activated carbon in relation to the control treatments that only contained percentages of residues. The efficiency obtained in the removal of the evaluated parameters of the slaughterhouse wastewater in the treatments that gave results was low, with percentages between 2.19% to 23.04% in turbidity and from 0.5% to 20.3% in color; being the highest values obtained by the treatments that only had residues.
Keywords: Wastewater, biological filters, coconut, and rice husks. Una alternativa para el manejo de las aguas residuales es la aplicación de filtros biológicos, los que se valen de procesos naturales para la purificación de las aguas; para resolver los problemas de saneamiento se deben de buscar tecnologías alternativas e innovadoras, los biofiltros permiten dar una solución para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales de una manera amigable al medio ambiente, reduciendo los impactos negativos que ocasiona la mala disposición de dichas aguas. Los efluentes generados en los mataderos contienen: sangre, estiércol, pelo, grasas, proteínas y otros contaminantes solubles que al ser mezclados y no ser tratados de manera óptima pueden interferir en la eficiencia de las plantas tratamientos o generar impactos al medio ambiente. Se evaluó la eficiencia de los residuos de cáscara coco y cascarilla de arroz con carbón activado comercial como filtros, en la remoción de características físicas de agua residual de camal. Se utilizó cascara de coco de los residuos de los procesos de una heladería artesanal del cantón Manta, cascarilla de arroz de los cultivos de arroz del cantón Rocafuerte, carbón activado comercial empleado en peceras obtenido de un distribuidor de la ciudad. El esquema experimental aplicado fue un diseño completamente al azar en arreglo bifactorial con 9 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones, entre mezclas de carbón activado con ambos residuos y otros solo con residuos, filtrando 500 ml de agua residual de los procesos del camal municipal del cantón Manta, se elaboraron un total de 27 filtros como unidades experimentales. Se efectuaron análisis de turbidez; y color, por absorbancia a través de espectrofotometría, siendo estas las variables a evaluar en la investigación. Los porcentajes de remoción resultantes de los parámetros evaluados fueron procesados en el software estadístico Info Stat versión 2018 para realizar el análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey. Solo existe diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos combinados con carbón activado con relación a los tratamientos testigos que solo contenían porcentajes de residuos. La eficiencia obtenida en la remoción de los parámetros evaluados del agua residual de camal en los tratamientos que dieron resultados fue baja, con porcentajes entre 2,19% a 23,04% en turbidez y de 0,5% a 20,3% en color; siendo los valores más altos obtenidos por los tratamientos que solo poseían residuos.
Palabras clave: Aguas residuales, filtros biológicos, cascaras de coco y arroz.
Abstract
An alternative for wastewater management is the application of biological filters, which use natural processes for water purification; to solve sanitation problems, alternative and innovative technologies must be sought, biofilters allow a solution for the treatment of wastewater in an environmentally friendly way, reducing the negative impacts caused by the poor disposition of said waters. The effluents generated in the slaughterhouses contain: blood, manure, hair, fats, proteins and other soluble contaminants that, when mixed and not treated optimally, can interfere with the efficiency of the treatment plants or generate impacts on the environment. The efficiency of the residues of coconut husk and rice husk with commercial activated carbon as filters was evaluated in the removal of physical characteristics of wastewater from the road. Coconut husk was used for the residues of the processes of an artisan ice cream shop in the Manta canton, rice husk of the Rocafuerte canton rice crops, commercial activated carbon used in fish tanks obtained from a city distributed. The experimental scheme applied was a completely randomized design in bi-factorial arrangement with 9 treatments and 3 repetitions, between mixtures of activated carbon with both residues and others only with residues, filtering 500 ml of wastewater from the municipal road processes of the Manta canton, a total of 27 filters were developed as experimental units. Turbidity analysis was performed; and color, by absorbance through spectrophotometry, these being the variables to be evaluated in the investigation. The removal percentages resulting from the parameters evaluated were processed in the statistical software Info Stat version 2018 to perform the analysis of variance and Tukey test. There is only a significant difference between the treatments combined with activated carbon in relation to the control treatments that only contained percentages of residues. The efficiency obtained in the removal of the evaluated parameters of the slaughterhouse wastewater in the treatments that gave results was low, with percentages between 2.19% to 23.04% in turbidity and from 0.5% to 20.3% in color; being the highest values obtained by the treatments that only had residues.
Keywords: Wastewater, biological filters, coconut, and rice husks.
Fecha de recepción: 27 de abril de 2020; Fecha de aceptación: 08 de julio de 2020; Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2020.