The present work is based on the importance of beneficial Gram negative bacteria in agriculture, since there are several investigations focused on this type of bacteria (Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., Nitrosomonas spp., Nitrobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Agrobacterium spp.). There are several genera of Gram negative bacteria present in the soil, which provide countless benefits to crops: plant growth promoters, fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, conversion of non-assimilable to assimilable nutrients, disease control. Some are found in free form and others associated with plants. Various cultural tasks carried out by farmers are reducing the populations of beneficial Gram negative bacteria. Some beneficial Gram negative bacteria present in the soil can be isolated in the laboratory to increase their populations and then be inoculated to the cultures; or for the production of biofertilizers. Most farmers are unaware of the benefits of Gram negative bacteria in agriculture, which is why they continue to carry out cultural tasks that are decreasing their populations.The present work is based on the importance of beneficial Gram negative bacteria in agriculture, since there are several investigations focused on this type of bacteria (Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., Nitrosomonas spp., Nitrobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Agrobacterium spp.). There are several genera of Gram negative bacteria present in the soil, which provide countless benefits to crops: plant growth promoters, fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, conversion of non-assimilable to assimilable nutrients, disease control. Some are found in free form and others associated with plants. Various cultural tasks carried out by farmers are reducing the populations of beneficial Gram negative bacteria. Some beneficial Gram negative bacteria present in the soil can be isolated in the laboratory to increase their populations and then be inoculated to the cultures; or for the production of biofertilizers. Most farmers are unaware of the benefits of Gram negative bacteria in agriculture, which is why they continue to carry out cultural tasks that are decreasing their populations.“Importancia de las bacterias Gram negativas benéficas en la agricultura”. El presente trabajo se basa en la importancia de las bacterias Gram negativas benéficas en la agricultura, ya que existen varias investigaciones centradas en este tipo de bacterias (Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., Nitrosomonas spp., Nitrobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Agrobacterium spp.). Existen varios géneros de bacterias Gram negativas presentes en el suelo, las cuales proporcionan un sinnúmero de beneficios a los cultivos: promotoras de crecimiento vegetal, fijación de nitrógeno atmosférico, conversión de nutrientes no asimilables a asimilables, control de enfermedades. Algunas se encuentran en forma libre y otras asociadas con las plantas. Varias labores culturales realizadas por los agricultores están reduciendo las poblaciones de bacterias Gram negativas benéficas. Algunas bacterias Gram negativas benéficas presentes en el suelo, pueden ser aisladas en laboratorio para aumentar sus poblaciones y luego ser inoculadas a los cultivos; o para la elaboración de biofertilizantes. La mayoría de los agricultores desconocen los beneficios de las bacterias Gram negativas en la agricultura, razón por la cual continúan realizando labores culturales que están disminuyendo sus poblaciones.