This article examines the process of identity construction and the institutionalization of Canada s regions. The historiography, insofar as it produces both a scientific and identity-based discourse, may serve to support this analysis of three of Canada s regions: the West, the Maritimes, and Quebec. The analysis presents differing interpretations of the type, the importance, and the strategic choice of the regional approach in the context of nation building. Furthermore, the institutionalization of regions is an ongoing process that changes over time, especially, in the case of western Canada, due to the involvement of certain protagonists. Finally, the case of Quebec differs from the rest of the country in that the regional studies produced by both historians and sociologists have opted for the intraprovincial scale rather than the inter-provincial one. Thus, all these factors contribute to bringing to light the importance of geographical scales in the production of regional identities in Canada.