Article
Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms
Registro en:
Ramírez-de-Arellano A, Pereira-Suárez AL, Rico-Fuentes C, López-Pulido EI, Villegas-Pineda JC, Sierra-Diaz E. Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jan 11;12:811578. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.811578. PMID: 35087479; PMCID: PMC8786725.
1664-2392 online
1664-2392 Linking
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.811578.
Autor
Ramírez de Arellano, Adrián
Pereira Suárez, Ana Laura
Rico Fuentes, Cecilia
López Pulido, Edgar Iván
Villegas Pineda, Julio César
Sierra Diaz, Erick
Institución
Resumen
Artículo Abstract
Estrogens are hormones that have been extensively presented in many types of cancer such as breast, uterus, colorectal, prostate, and others, due to dynamically integrated signaling cascades that coordinate cellular growth, differentiation, and death which can be potentially new therapeutic targets. Despite the historical use of estrogens in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), their biological effect is not well known, nor their role in carcinogenesis or the mechanisms used to carry their therapeutic effects of neoplastic in prostate transformation. The expression and regulation of the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα, ERβ, and GPER stimulated by agonists and antagonists, and related to prostate cancer cells are herein reviewed. Subsequently, the structures of the ERs and their splice variants, the binding of ligands to ERs, and the effect on PCa are provided. Finally, we also assessed the contribution of molecular simulation which can help us to search and predict potential estrogenic activities.