Documento de trabajo
Impact of upstream plant level pollution on downstream water quality: evidence from the Clean Water Act
Registro en:
164823.pdf
Autor
Chakraborti, Lopamudra
Resumen
U.S. Clean Water Act, ambient water quality model, self-reported pollution, total máximum daily loards, over-compliance, EEUU Clean Water Act, modelo de calidad del agua ambiental, contaminación auto-reportada, cargas diarias máximas totales, sobre cumplimiento This is the first study to assess whether pollutant inputs of major pint sources have a negative impact on downstream water quality, net of upstream pollution levels and controlling for location specific factors. We utilize a panel data on monthly biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration for a sample of 87 municipal and industrial plants located in the states of Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia, for the period 1990-2003. Water quality is measured by monthly disolved oxygen (DO) from 67 locations within 25 miles downstream. We find that upon increase in aggregate BOD (by one or more plant) downstream DO net of ambient levels before their affluent outfalls declines by 0.001 mg/L. Despite the small magnitude (due to natural attenuation), the results are robust to distance traveled by pollutant and seasonal considerations of high temperature of low stream flow. From our reults we infer that self-reported pollution does not exhibit underreporting biases. Este es el primer estudio que evalúa si los aportes de contaminantes de las principales fuentes puntuales tienen un impacto negativo en la calidad del agua río abajo, tomando en cuenta los niveles de contaminación río arriba y discriminando los factores específicos de la ubicación. Utilizamos un panel de datos sobre la concentración mensual de demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO) para una muestra de 87 plantas municipales e industriales ubicadas en los estados de Maryland, Pennsylvania y Virginia, para el período 1990-2003. La calidad del agua se mide mediante datos de oxígeno disuelto (OD) mensual obtenido de 67 ubicaciones a lo largo de 25 millas río abajo. Encontramos que al aumentar la DBO agregada en 1% (por una o más plantas) río abajo el OD disminuye en 0.001 mg / L. A pesar de la pequeña magnitud (debido a la atenuación natural), los resultados son robustos en relación a la distancia recorrida por contaminantes y las consideraciones estacionales de alta temperatura o bajo flujo de agua. Nuestros resultados infieren que la contaminación auto-reportada no exhibe sesgos de subregistro.
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