"In this work we investigate two different modeling approaches oriented towards caring for vision in humans. Firstly, numerical wavefront reconstruction methods are applied to quantify the ocular aberrations from data obtained using Hartmann patterns. Two geometries of the Hartmann patterns are considered, square and hexagonal. For each unit cell, a polynomial function is proposed instead of the standard approach using a single polynomial. This approach improves pupil sampling, yielding a better precision in the representation of the aberrations. Secondly, models of human eyes affected by the pathologies of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are presented. Novel personalized eye models to predict the quality of vision in AMD are developed. These models are presented in order to validate effective techniques to measure the progression of retinal edemas in AMD using simple Amsler grids, it is possible to link the grid distortions with the size of macular edemas. In addition to the theoretical investigations mentioned, a clinical study was done to assess the ocular surface temperature in different zones using long-wave infrared thermal imaging. This study examined the dynamics of temperature changes in glaucoma and healthy patients. The results indicate that subjects with glaucoma cool faster than healthy subjects. In general, the work presented in this thesis is focused on the development of methods and diagnosis techniques to improve visual quality."