"Phase-shifting interferometry techniques (PSI) require several phase-shifted interferograms to retrieve the optical phase information of the sample. This task has been usually performed by stages with great success, but presents the inconvenient of requiring a series of sequential shots of the object under study. Time-varying phase distributions are excluded from this schema and a single-shot PSI technique needs to be used. The most common single-shot PSI technique is based on polarization principles to modulate the phaseshift of the interferograms. The aim of this thesis is to present novel interferometric configurations based on polarization phase shifting techniques. Theoretical considerations for the polarization-interferometric properties are used to successfully analyze dynamically phase changes in time varying samples. This approach has given birth to several advanced interferometric systems applied to common path configurations, slope phase measurements, temperature profiles and also proposes new configurations. Experimental results for dynamic and static transparent samples are presented."