"In this thesis, nanoparticle of zirconium oxide doped with ytterbium and erbium (2% and 1%, respectively) and gold, which have interesting optical properties for use in bioapplications, such as up-conversion and luminescence by two-photon absorption, in which excitation occurs in the near infrared. For labeling of HeLa cells, the nanoparticles of ZrO2: Yb3+, Er3+ were conjugated with biotin and anti-Ki67, later incubated in these cells having obtained promising results due to the strong red emission of these nanoparticles in addition that had not made the marking cells with this type of material. Moreover gold nanoparticles, synthesized by the Turkevich method, were used as markers of Cervical tissue out to be a good option for marking due to its ability to present luminescence two-photon resulting in a good choice to image biological samples, as well that the analysis of the tissues was being enhanced raman spectroscopy signal, being able to observe preliminary results for the study of differences between healthy and carcinoma tissue. From these spherical particles by using them as seeds, multi-branched gold nanostructures (MBGNs) were obtained, with non surfactant to which subsequently were pladded a silicacoating to improve stability, later when had controlled synthesis of nanostructures, MBGNs were proven to determine its effectiveness in Raman spectroscopy as substrates for enhanced signals (SERS), for which we could obtain significant results since it was detected Rhodamine B and α-glucose in liquid at concentrations of 50 pM and 5 mM ( 90 mg dL-1) respectively with a laser exciting 785 nm."