Cropping intensity in the cotton-wheat areas of Pakistan's Punjab is well below its potential and also significantly lower than in neighbouring areas of India's punjab. Analysis of annual cropping intensity indicates that access to irrigation water Is the major factor explaining differences in cropping intensity in a crosssection of farmers. Tractorization plays a very minor role although official policy has emphasised tractorization over investments in tubewells. Analysis of season-specific cropping intensity also indicates that inappropriate varieties for double cropping also constrain cropping intensity. It is estimated that cropping intensity could be increased by at least 30 percent through policies directed at improved water supplies and promoting research on earlier varieties of cotton, maize and oilseeds.33 pages