Articulo
Dietary fats significantly influence the survival of penumbral neurons in a permanent isquemic stroke rat model by modifying lipid mediators, inflammatory biomarkers, nos production, and redox-dependent apoptotic signals
Autor
Lausada, Natalia Raquel
Arnal, Nathalie
Astiz, Mariana
Marin, Maria Cristina
Lofeudo, Juan Manuel
Stringa, Pablo
Tacconi de Alaniz, María Josefa
Tacconi de Gómez Dumm, Irma Nelva
Hurtado, Graciela Elisa
Cristalli de Piñero, Norma
Pallanza, Maria Cristina
Illara, Maria Eva
Bozzarello, Enrique Gustavo
Cristalli, Diana
Marra, Carlos Alberto
Institución
Resumen
Objective: Brain stroke is the third most important cause of death in developed countries. We studied the effect of different dietary lipids on the outcome of a permanent ischemic stroke rat model.
Methods: Wistar rats were fed diets containing 7% commercial oils (S, soybean; O, olive; C, coconut; G, grape seed) for 35 d. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Coronal slices from ischemic brains and sham-operated animals were supravitally stained. Penumbra and core volumes were calculated by image digitalization after 24, 48, and 72 h poststroke. Homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were prepared from different zones and analyzed by redox status, inflammatory markers, ceramide, and arachidonate content, phospholipase A2, NOS, and proteases.
Results: Soybean (S) and G diets were mainly prooxidative and proinflammatory by increasing the liberation of arachidonate and its transformation into prostaglandins. O was protective in terms of redox homeostatic balance, minor increases in lipid and protein damage, conservation of reduced glutathione, protective activation of NOS in penumbra, and net ratio of anti-to proinflammatory cytokines. Apoptosis (caspase-3, milli- and microcalpains) was less activated by O than by any other diet.
Conclusion: Dietary lipids modulate NOS and PLA2 activities, ceramide production, and glutathione import into the mitochondrial matrix, finally determining the activation of the two main protease systems involved in programmed cell death. Olive oil appears to be a biological source for the isolation of protective agents that block the expansion of brain core at the expense of penumbral neurons. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata