On the sensitivity of the HAWC observatory to gamma-ray bursts

Abstract

In this work, we examine the debate over the commodification of agricultural germplasm in Mexico using a neo-Marxist theoretical framework. Specifically, we examine Mexico's movement away from a "Farmers' Rights" framework, which treats germplasm as a "common good" towards the passage of the Mexican Federal Law on Plant Varieties, which sees germplasm as a commodity. In order to understand this legal change, the recent history of this discourse in Mexico is examined. Using theoretical insights based in an analysis of this discourse, we examine the ideological elements of this debate. It is argued that an international hegemonic bloc has arisen to address this issue, superceding the bounds of any single state entity and functioning through the international bodies of free trade. Taking the Mexican state to be relatively autonomous from capital, we argue that the hegemonic bloc influenced the change in Mexican policy. We conclude with a discussion of the possible effects of this legal change in Mexico. " 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41864","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-40849135467&partnerID=40&md5=bbb663cded4463d29bda2707d9212321",,,,,,"3",,"Agriculture and Human Values",,"285

294",,"18",,"Scopus",,,,,,"Agricultural germplasm; Commodification; Farmers' rights; Federal law on plant varieties; Hegemonic bloc; Mexico; Relative autonomy of the state; Trade-related aspects of intellectual property",,,,,,"Hegemony, commodification, and the state: Mexico's shifting discourse on agricultural germplasm",,"Article" "45124","123456789/35008",,"Abeysekara, A.U., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, 3245 BPS Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Aguilar, J.A., Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Ave, WI 53706, United States; Aguilar, S., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Alfaro, R., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Almaraz, E., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Álvarez, C., CEFYMAP, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, 4a. Oriente Norte No. 1428, Col. La pimienta, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29040, Mexico; Álvarez-Romero, J.D.D., Universidad Michocana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58040, Mexico; Álvarez, M., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Arceo, R., CEFYMAP, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, 4a. Oriente Norte No. 1428, Col. La pimienta, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29040, Mexico; Arteaga-Velázquez, J.C., Universidad Michocana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58040, Mexico; Badillo, C., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Barber, A., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Baughman, B.M., Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Bautista-Elivar, N., Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico; Belmont, E., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Benítez, E., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Benzvi, S.Y., Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Ave, WI 53706, United States; Berley, D., Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Bernal, A., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Bonamente, E., Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States; Braun, J., Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Caballero-Lopez, R., Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, C.U. Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Cabrera, I., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Carramiñana, A., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Carrasco, L., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Castillo, M., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Chambers, L., Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Conde, R., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Condreay, P., Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Cotti, U., Universidad Michocana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58040, Mexico; Cotzomi, J., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; D'Olivo, J.C., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; De La Fuente, E., CUCEI, CU-VALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1451, colonia Olímpica, 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; De León, C., Universidad Michocana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58040, Mexico; Delay, S., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Delepine, D., Dept. of Physics, Campus Leon, University of Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, Col. Loma del Campestre, CP-37150 Leon, Mexico; Deyoung, T., Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Diaz, L., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Diaz-Cruz, L., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Dingus, B.L., Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States; Duvernois, M.A., Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Ave, WI 53706, United States; Edmunds, D., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, 3245 BPS Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Ellsworth, R.W., Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, United States; Fick, B., Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States; Fiorino, D.W., Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Ave, WI 53706, United States; Flandes, A., Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, C.U. Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Fraija, N.I., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Galindo, A., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; García-Luna, J.L., CUCEI, CU-VALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1451, colonia Olímpica, 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; García-Torales, G., CUCEI, CU-VALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1451, colonia Olímpica, 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Garfias, F., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; González, L.X., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; González, M.M., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Goodman, J.A., Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Grabski, V., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Gussert, M., Colorado State University, 1875 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States; Guzmán-Ceron, C., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Hampel-Arias, Z., Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Ave, WI 53706, United States; Harris, T., School of Physics, Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Hays, E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; Hernandez-Cervantes, L., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Hintemeyer, P.H., Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States; Imran, A., Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States; Iriarte, A., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Jimenez, J.J., CEFYMAP, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, 4a. Oriente Norte No. 1428, Col. La pimienta, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29040, Mexico; Karn, P., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Kelley-Hoskins, N., Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States; Kieda, D., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Langarica, R., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Lara, A., Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, C.U. Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Lauer, R., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Lee, W.H., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Linares, E.C., Universidad Michocana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58040, Mexico; Linnemann, J.T., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, 3245 BPS Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Longo, M., Colorado State University, 1875 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States; Luna-García, R., Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. J. de D. Bátiz, Esq. M. Othón de M., Col. Nva. Ind. Vallejo Del. G. A. M. CP 07738, Mexico D.F., Mexico; Martínez, H., Department of Physics, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados Del IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, CP 07000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Martínez, J., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Martínez, L.A., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Martínez, O., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Martínez-Castro, J., Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. J. de D. Bátiz, Esq. M. Othón de M., Col. Nva. Ind. Vallejo Del. G. A. M. CP 07738, Mexico D.F., Mexico; Martos, M., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Matthews, J., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; McEnery, J.E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; Medina-Tanco, G., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Mendoza-Torres, J.E., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Miranda-Romagnoli, P.A., Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico; Montaruli, T., Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Ave, WI 53706, United States; Moreno, E., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Mostafa, M., Colorado State University, 1875 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States; Napsuciale, M., Dept. of Physics, Campus Leon, University of Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, Col. Loma del Campestre, CP-37150 Leon, Mexico; Nava, J., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Nellen, L., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Newbold, M., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Noriega-Papaqui, R., Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico; Oceguera-Becerra, T., CUCEI, CU-VALLES, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1451, colonia Olímpica, 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Olmos Tapia, A., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Orozco, V., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Pérez, V., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Pérez-Pérez, E.G., Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico; Perkins, J.S., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; Pretz, J., Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States; Ramirez, C., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Ramírez, I., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Rebello, D., School of Physics, Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Rentería, A., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Reyes, J., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Rosa-González, D., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Rosado, A., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Ryan, J.M., Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824, United States; Sacahui, J.R., Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Salazar, H., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Salesa, F., Colorado State University, 1875 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States; Sandoval, A., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Santos, E., CEFYMAP, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, 4a. Oriente Norte No. 1428, Col. La pimienta, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29040, Mexico; Schneider, M., University of California Santa Cruz, Natural Science 2, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States; Shoup, A., Ohio State University, Lima, OH 45804, United States; Silich, S., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Sinnis, G., Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States; Smith, A.J., Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Sparks, K., Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Springer, W., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Suárez, F., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Suarez, N., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Taboada, I., School of Physics, Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Tellez, A.F., FCFM, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, A.P. 1152, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Tenorio-Tagle, G., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Tepe, A., School of Physics, Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Toale, P.A., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States; Tollefson, K., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, 3245 BPS Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Torres, I., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Ukwatta, T.N., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, 3245 BPS Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Valdes-Galicia, J., Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, C.U. Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico; Vanegas, P., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Vasileiou, V., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; Vázquez, O., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Vázquez, X., Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 Mexico D.F., Mexico; Villaseñor, L., Universidad Michocana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58040, Mexico; Wall, W., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Walters, J.S., Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico; Warner, D., Colorado State University, 1875 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States; Westerhoff, S., Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Ave, WI 53706, United States; Wisher, I.G., Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1150 University Ave, WI 53706, United States; Wood, J., Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Yodh, G.B., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Zaborov, D., Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Zepeda, A., Department of Physics, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados Del IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, CP 07000 Mexico D.F., Mexico",,"Abeysekara, A.U.

Aguilar, J.A.

Aguilar, S.

Alfaro, R.

Almaraz, E.

Alvarez, C.

Alvarez-Romero, J.D.D.

Alvarez, M.

Arceo, R.

Arteaga-Velazquez, J.C.

Badillo, C.

Barber, A.

Baughman, B.M.

Bautista-Elivar, N.

Belmont, E.

Benitez, E.

Benzvi, S.Y.

Berley, D.

Bernal, A.

Bonamente, E.

Braun, J.

Caballero-Lopez, R.

Cabrera, I.

Carraminana, A.

Carrasco, L.

Castillo, M.

Chambers, L.

Conde, R.

Condreay, P.

Cotti, U.

Cotzomi, J.

D'Olivo, J.C.

De La Fuente, E.

De Leon, C.

Delay, S.",,"2012",,"We present the sensitivity of HAWC to gamma ray bursts (GRBs). HAWC is a very high-energy gamma-ray observatory currently under construction in Mexico at an altitude of 4100 m. It will observe atmospheric air showers via the water Cherenkov method. HAWC will consist of 300 large water tanks instrumented with 4 photomultipliers each. HAWC has two data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The main DAQ system reads out coincident signals in the tanks and reconstructs the direction and energy of individual atmospheric showers. The scaler DAQ counts the hits in each photomultiplier tube (PMT) in the detector and searches for a statistical excess over the noise of all PMTs. We show that HAWC has a realistic opportunity to observe the high-energy power law components of GRBs that extend at least up to 30 GeV, as it has been observed by Fermi LAT. The two DAQ systems have an energy threshold that is low enough to observe events similar to GRB 090510 and GRB 090902b with the characteristics observed by Fermi LAT. HAWC will provide information about the high-energy spectra of GRBs which in turn could help to understanding about e-pair attenuation in GRB jets, extragalactic background light absorption, as well as establishing the highest energy to which GRBs accelerate particles. " 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.