Review
Toll-like receptors in secondary obstructive cholangiopathy
Fecha
2012Registro en:
10.1155/2011/265093
Autor
Ricalde, L.J.
Catzin, G.A.
Alanis, A.Y.
Sanchez, E.N.
Institución
Resumen
This chapter presents the design of a neural network that combines higher order terms in its input layer and an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based algorithm for its training. The neural network-based scheme is defined as a Higher Order Neural Network (HONN), and its applicability is illustrated by means of time series forecasting for three important variables present in smart grids: Electric Load Demand (ELD), Wind Speed (WS), and Wind Energy Generation (WEG). The proposed model is trained and tested using real data values taken from a microgrid system in the UADY School of Engineering. The length of the regression vector is determined via the Lipschitz quotients methodology. " 2013, IGI Global.",,,,,,"10.4018/978-1-4666-2175-6.ch012",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45369","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84898589009&partnerID=40&md5=c7df77bdc5f6ac18a796799301e593fa",,,,,,,,"Artificial Higher Order Neural Networks for Modeling and Simulation",,"254 274",,,,"Scopus",,,,,,,,,,,,"Time series forecasting via a higher order neural network trained with the extended kalman filter for smart grid applications",,"Book Chapter"
"47167","123456789/35008",,"Miranda-Díaz, A.G., Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 JAL, Mexico; Alonso-Martínez, H., Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 JAL, Mexico; Hernández-Ojeda, J., Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 JAL, Mexico; Arias-Carvajal, O., Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 JAL, Mexico; Rodríguez-Carrizalez, A.D., Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 JAL, Mexico; Roman-Pintos, L.M., Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 JAL, Mexico",,"Miranda-Diaz, A.G. Alonso-Martinez, H. Hernandez-Ojeda, J. Arias-Carvajal, O. Rodriguez-Carrizalez, A.D. Roman-Pintos, L.M.",,"2011",,"Secondary obstructive cholangiopathy is characterized by intra- or extrahepatic bile tract obstruction. Liver inflammation and structural alterations develop due to progressive bile stagnation. Most frequent etiologies are biliary atresia in children, and hepatolithiasis, postcholecystectomy bile duct injury, and biliary primary cirrhosis in adults, which causes chronic biliary cholangitis. Bile ectasia predisposes to multiple pathogens: viral infections in biliary atresia; Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria cholangitis found in hepatolithiasis and postcholecystectomy bile duct injury. Transmembrane toll-like receptors (TLRs) are activated by virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasite stimuli. Even though TLR-2 and TLR-4 are the most studied receptors related to liver infectious diseases, other TLRs play an important role in response to microorganism damage. Acquired immune response is not vertically transmitted and reflects the infectious diseases history of individuals; in contrast, innate immunity is based on antigen recognition by specific receptors designated as pattern recognition receptors and is transmitted vertically through the germ cells. Understanding the mechanisms for bile duct inflammation is essential for the future development of therapeutic alternatives in order to avoid immune-mediated destruction on secondary obstructive cholangiopathy. The role of TLRs in biliary atresia, hepatolithiasis, bile duct injury, and primary biliary cirrhosis is described in this paper. Copyright " 2011 A. G. Miranda-Daz et al.