El presente ensayo analiza, de manera muy breve y general, tres corrientes de la teoría sociológica y la filosofía social (las corrientes hermenéutico-constructivistas, las denominadas corrientes críticas, y el estructuralismo posestructuralismo). Se realiza un acercamiento teórico desde el punto de vista del agente o sujeto social. El ensayo tiene un carácter didáctico, comparativo y preliminar respecto de futuras incursiones al tema.This essay analyzes, in a very brief and general way, three currents of sociological theory and social philosophy (hermeneutic-constructivist currents, so-called critical currents, and poststructuralist structuralism). The theoretical approach iscarried out from the point of view of the agent or social subject. The essay is didactic, comparative and preliminary in nature regarding future investigations of the subject.This essay analyzes, in a very brief and general way, three currents of sociological theory and social philosophy (hermeneutic-constructivist currents, so-called critical currents, and poststructuralist structuralism). The theoretical approach iscarried out from the point of view of the agent or social subject. The essay is didactic, comparative and preliminary in nature regarding future investigations of the subject.