Sequestration of 9-hydroxystearic acid in fahfa (fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids) as a protective mechanism for colon carcinoma cells to avoid apoptotic cell death

Abstract

Hydroxy fatty acids are known to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The best studied of them, 9-hydroxystearic acid (9-HSA), induces apoptosis in cell lines by acting through mechanisms involving different targets. Using mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approaches, we show in this study that 9-HSA levels in human colorectal tumors are diminished when compared with normal adjacent tissue. Since this decrease could be compatible with an escape mechanism of tumors from 9-HAS induced apoptosis, we investigated different features of the utilization of this hydroxyl fatty acid in colon. We show that in colorectal tumors and related cell lines such as HT-29 and HCT-116, 9-HSA is the only hydroxyl fatty acid constituent of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids (FAHFA), a novel family of lipids with anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, FAHFA levels in tumors are elevated compared with normal tissue and, unlike 9-HSA, they do not induce apoptosis of colorectal cell lines over a wide range of concentrations. Further, the addition of 9-HSA to colon cancer cell lines augments the synthesis of different FAHFA before the cells commit to apoptosis, suggesting that FAHFA formation may function as a buffer system that sequesters the hydroxyacidinto an inactive form, thereby restricting apoptosis.