Evaluación de la erupción de segundos molares permanentes en radiografías panorámicas en pacientes en dentición mixta

Abstract

Introduction: dental impaction is a clinical condition that occurs when the second molar or other tooth cannot emerge due to an obstacle in its eruption pathway. Objective: to determine the possibility of impaction of second molars and its associated factors by means of panoramic radiographs in patients with mixed dentition in the clinics of the Santo Tomás de Floridablanca University between 2019 and 2021. Materials and methods: the sample consisted of 200 panoramic radiographs of patients between 8 and 12 years old who met the selection criteria. The researchers were trained by a radiology expert to take measurements on the X-rays. The information obtained was recorded in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in Stata 14.0. Its prevalence was determined by sex, Nolla stage, eruption sequence and presence of the third molar. Absolute and relative frequencies describe qualitative data; median and interquartile range are presented for quantitative data. The Chi2 test was used for bivariate analysis. Results: there was an increased risk of impaction in the female sex, the mixed dentition stage and the eruption sequence were not shown to be related. Absence of third molars was found with percentages of 81%, 79.1% 60.5% 59.5%; also, that most of the second molars were in an upright position and only 4% in the mesoangular position. There was a high risk of impaction only in tooth 37 with 0.5% and a medium risk on average of tooth 37 and 47 of 3%. With respect to the P value, a value of less than 0.05 was obtained, which indicates that no association was found between the variables and the risk of impaction. Conclusions: there is a low risk of impaction and little possibility that it is related to the absence of third molars; on the contrary, not having third molars could indicate ease for eruption of second molars.