Artículo
In silico approaches to develop new phenyl-pyrimidines as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitors with halogen-bonding capabilities : 3D-QSAR CoMFA/CoMSIA, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies
Fecha
2023Autor
Universidad San Sebastián
Universidad San Sebastián
Universidad San Sebastián
Universidad San Sebastián
Universidad San Sebastián
Universidad San Sebastián
Cabezas, David
Mellado, Guido
Espinoza, Nicolás
Gárate, José Antonio
Morales, César
Castro-Alvarez, Alejandro
Matos, Maria J.
Mellado, Marco
Mella, Jaime
Institución
Resumen
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is involved in different diseases, such as manic-depressive illness, Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. Studies have shown that insulin inhibits GSK-3 to keep glycogen synthase active. Inhibiting GSK-3 may have an indirect pro-insulin effect by favouring glycogen synthesis. Therefore, the development of GSK-3 inhibitors can be a useful alternative for the treatment of type II diabetes. Aminopyrimidine derivatives already proved to be interesting GSK-3 inhibitors. In the current study, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) have been performed on a series of 122 aminopyrimidine derivatives in order to generate a robust model for the rational design of new compounds with promising antidiabetic activity. The q 2 values obtained for the best CoMFA and CoMSIA models have been 0.563 and 0.598, respectively. In addition, the r 2 values have been 0.823 and 0.925 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. The models were statistically validated, and from the contour maps analysis, a proposal of 10 new compounds has been generated, with predicted pIC50 higher than 9. The final contribution of our work is that: (a) we provide an extensive structure–activity relationship for GSK-3 inhibitory pyrimidines; and (b) these models may speed up the discovery of GSK-3 inhibitors based on the aminopyrimidine scaffold. Finally, we carried out docking and molecular dynamics studies of the two best candidates, which were shown to establish halogen-bond interactions with the enzyme. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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