Frecuencia de la enfermedad cerebro vascular isquémica y factores asociados en el adulto mayor – Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, año 2019. Cuenca - Ecuador

Abstract

Background: Stroke ranks first among neurological diseases in terms of frequency and importance in an adult's lifetime, causing high mortality and disability rates. Objective: To determine the frequency of ischemic stroke disease and its associated factors in older adult patients at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in 2019. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study, using an anonymized database of patients who were older adults and diagnosed with ischemic stroke disease at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in 2019. We reviewed 758 medical records with a diagnosis of stroke, and the sample consisted of 200 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. We used the following variables: age, sex, origin, nutritional status, alcoholism, smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, obesity, transient ischemic attack, and transient ischemic vascular event. Data were collected, tabulated, and analyzed using the SPSS v21 program. Results: We found a prevalence of 26.36% (200) of ischemic stroke, with 77.5% (155 people) suffering an ischemic stroke and 22.5% (45 people) suffering a transient ischemic attack. The age range for the presentation of ischemic cerebrovascular disease was between 67 and 74 years. We found a statistically significant association between age at presentation and cerebrovascular disease in this study (p=0.019). Conclusions: Ischemic stroke had a prevalence of 26.38%, with 200 cases diagnosed in 2019. Older adults are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke, the association of age as a risk factor was evident. Ischemic stroke was more frequent than transient ischemic attack in the group studied.