Evaluación del desinfectante hipoclorito de calcio como tratamiento en aguas residuales para disminuir la contaminación en la planta de tratamiento "El Artezón" del cantón Píllaro

Abstract

This research is focused on evaluating the efficiency of calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO)2 used as a disinfectant in wastewater treatment at the outlet of the "El Artezón" WWTP. The work performed was of experimental type, where physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed, these were performed in ten composite samples formed by approximately 100 simple samples, during two months of sampling and two months of laboratory analysis, the methodology established in NTE INEN 2169:2013 was used, the results were compared with the LMPs present in Anexo 1, Tabla 9 Limite de Descarga a un Cuerpo de Agua Dulce of the (Acuerdo Ministerial 097-A, 2015). Based on the results of the laboratory analysis obtained the doses of Ca(ClO)2 were applied, it was observed that the chemical parameters such as BOD5 and COD are within the MPLs established by current environmental regulations. However, some values of fecal coliforms are outside this, the variation of these results may occur due to external factors such as the socioeconomic activities present in the surroundings of the WWTP, since there is the presence of excreta from cattle, pigs and poultry that are thrown by the sewage system that enters the reception tank of the plant. Finally, the experimental process carried out for the determination of COD was based on the Standard Methods, for the determination of BOD5 the Winkler method was used and for the determination of fecal coliforms the method proposed by Petrifilm 3M was used, It was determined that the best doses were 10.59 mg/L and 15 mg/L, presenting excellent removal efficiencies for fecal coliforms of 91.19% and 92.15%, respectively, so the main objective was met, which was to achieve fecal coliform removal efficiency at the WWTP outlet.