For several years now, Catalonia has been going through a serious political crisis, exacerbated by the independence referendum of 2017. The attempt by this autonomous region to separate from Spain with a view to creating a sovereign State has led to a fierce stand-off between the Catalan authorities and the Spanish Government. In this respect, it may be useful to shed some legal light both on the issue of human rights, from an international perspective, and on the issue of immunities, from the perspective of European Union law.