Artículos de revistas
Antarctic environments as a source of bacterial and fungal therapeutic enzymes
Fecha
2022-01-01Registro en:
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, v. 94.
1678-2690
0001-3765
10.1590/0001-3765202220210452
2-s2.0-85124679950
Autor
Complexo de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde
Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
Institución
Resumen
Microbial therapeutic enzymes are the protagonists in the pharmacological treatment of different human diseases. The intrinsic enzymatic characteristics, such as high affinity and specificity to the corresponding substrate, enable effective therapies, with minimal adverse effects and complete remission. However, immunogenicity, short half-life, low enzymatic yield, and low selectivity regarding available enzyme drugs are currently the main obstacles to their development and the broad adherence to therapeutic protocols. By harboring adapted and still unexplored microbial life, environments of extreme conditions, such as Antarctica, become especially important in the prospecting and development of new enzymatic compounds that present higher yields and the possibility of genetic improvement. Antarctic microorganisms have adaptation mechanisms, such as more fluid cell membranes, production of antifreeze proteins and enzymes with more malleable structures, more robust, stable, selective catalytic sites for their respective substrates, and high antioxidant capacity. In this context, this review aims to explore enzymes synthesized by bacteria and fungi from Antarctica as potential drug producers, capable of providing therapeutic efficacy, less adverse effects, and lower production costs with highlight to L-Asparaginase, collagenase, superoxide dismutase and ribonucleases. In addition, this review highlights the unique biotechnological profile of these Antarctic extremophile microorganisms.