Competição e cooperação: as diferentes implicações na iniciação esportiva

Abstract

Children's sporting initiation is not an easy subject, especially in deciding the best approach. Among the aspects related to Infant Physical Education, the most important are competition, an essential characteristic of sport, and cooperation, which the proposed activities are priority cooperative. There seems to be no consensus as to the best approach or a deeper reflection, which hampers the work of professionals working in this context. This present study intends to identify the scientific evidences regarding the implications of competitive and cooperative activities in the behavior of children in sports initiation. A systematic review will be carried out to synthesize the available data on the implications (positive and negative) of the cooperative and competitive approaches in the behavior of children in sports initiation. The searches will be performed in the databases Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, PsycInfo, Bireme, Web Of Science, Physical Education Index, Sociologica Abstracts, using the following descriptors / keywords: “competition”; “cooperation”; “sport”; “behavior”; “child”; “teenager”. This review will be constructed according to the following phases: (1) search for articles pertinent to the topic of study; (2) peer review of titles found and exclusion from non-relevant articles; (3) selection of articles according to the abstract; (4) refinement of the selection of articles chosen by pairs from the complete reading of each study; (5) construction of a critical summary of each selected article for better organization of the data; (6) final preparation of this review; (7) presentation of this review as a course completion work. There are at least three consensus meetings between the researchers responsible for the search and refinement of articles. 31 articles were selected for review, of these, 26 dealt predominantly with competition, 3 with cooperation, and 2 dealt with both approaches. Competition and cooperation showed negative and positive implications, and on their own they demonstrated that they were not able to meet all the needs of young people in development. However, if they are worked out in a well articulated and clear manner by teachers and coaches, competitive and cooperative practices can enhance the benefits of sports initiation for children and adolescents.