Implementação de políticas públicas: o plano Brasil sem miséria no município de Curitiba

Abstract

The Federal Constitution of 1988 was a milestone for Brazilian society, transforming the democratic dynamics, economic and social relations of the country, in addition to recognizing various social rights and establishing some goals of the Republic as to build a free, just and caring society, and eradicate poverty and reduce social and regional inequalities. According to these objectives, the federal government launched in 2011 the Brazil Without Poverty Plan (BSM), in order to overcome extreme poverty in the country. However, facing a multifaceted and complex phenomenon as poverty is not a trivial task, requires cross-sectoral, integrated actions and dialogue with the different local realities of the country. It is from the complex context of new institutional arrangements, cross-sectoral action effort and federative articulation that this study is part. Therefore, it was established as a general objective of research to analyse the BSM implementation process in the city of Curitiba. Thus, through documentary and qualitative research – with semi-structured interviews and participant observation – we sought to achieve the following specific objectives: i) analyze the institutional and political organization of anti-poverty programs in the city; ii) analyze the relationships and duties of public officials involved in the program implementation process; and iii) analyze the opportunities and threats in fighting poverty and extreme poverty. Thus, it was found that both the BSM, as its municipal analogue Curitiba Project Without Poverty (CSM), are inserted into a broader context of social protection formed mainly by the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), the National Registry for Social Programs (CadÚnico) and the Bolsa Família Program (PBF). Such institutional structures have fostered the joint and federative cooperation between federal entities, however, in the case of Paraná, we have been observed some difficulties related to cooperation and integration of actions against poverty by this level of government. Regarding the relations between the federal government and the city of Curitiba we have seen the strengthening of joints, especially around the SUAS management, CadÚnico and PBF. But the fight against poverty in the city of Curitiba has shown some progress in relation to the BSM, especially for its approximation with the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS) and for the incorporation of a territorial approach in the local interventions. Such an approach, adopted by the municipality, has shown some potential to allow the view and the understanding of the social vulnerabilities within a broader social context, making it an instrument loaded synergetic potential of intersectoral and more inclusive actions. However, they are also identified some challenges to the continuity of actions against poverty, as the adoption of regional policies beyond territorialized policies, understanding the various sectoral policies of the real needs experienced by individuals and families in situations of social vulnerability and the integration of action to combat poverty to tackling the various inequalities present in Brazilian society.