Métodos multicriteriais de hierarquização para avaliação de aspectos e impactos ambientais em organizações

Abstract

Commercial, financial and marketing advantages have encouraged many companies to adopt the Environmental Management System certificated in accordance with ISO 14001. Some of the most critical steps of this process are the identification and assessment of environmental aspects and impacts associated with corporate activities and the prioritization of actions to minimize these impacts. The ISO 14001 does not specify a method for this assessment and different models are used by companies. Here we applied three different multicriteria methods for evaluation and ranking of environmental aspects, namely the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), one adaptation of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Marazza, Bandini e Contin (2010) method (MRZ). The assessment of Environmental Aspects and Impacts using each one of these methods was performed in two different Brazilian companies, one of them was industrial and the other was the service company. First, was applied the FMEA and the MRZ for all Aspects and Impacts from companies and then, AHP was applied for the 10 Aspects and Impacts with higher graduation on FMEA and MRZ. The analysis of the results of the evaluation made through the three methods, showed that any one of them can be used for the Ais evaluation, however the AHP showed restrictions for evaluation more than 20 Ais. The MRZ proved to be innovative when considering governance for analysis and the FMEA method presented advantage in relation to the others, mainly related of easily application of it, being the most recommended for this ranking.