Geometrias não-Euclidianas no plano e geometria esférica

Abstract

We talk in this work about non-Euclidean geometries, emphasizing in the plane the Poincaré disk model and, in three dimensions, the spherical geometry. In this geometry, we determined some important results, such as the sum of the internal angles and the area of a spherical triangle, the spherical Pythagorean theorem, the spherical cosine law and the spherical sinus law, relating them to Euclidean geometry results. We conclude by presenting some ludic-manipulative activities on spherical geometry, which can be applied in the classroom with classes of High School or Higher Education.