bachelorThesis
Tendências de longo prazo do óxido de nitrogênio e dióxido de nitrogênio na grande Phoenix (EUA), associadas às emissões veiculares de NO x
Fecha
2015-11-19Registro en:
CHICONI, Jonas Nascimento. Tendências de longo prazo do óxido de nitrogênio e dióxido de nitrogênio na grande Phoenix (EUA), associadas às emissões veiculares de NOx. 2015. 72 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Londrina, 2015.
Autor
Chiconi, Jonas Nascimento
Resumen
Air pollution has been monitored and regulated to achieve better air quality. Since 1970, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established the national ambient air quality standards. nowadays, combustion vehicles are the most used form of transportation and nearly all rely on fossil fuels. Two important pollutants regulated by EPA are nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). Both are formed by nitric oxide (NO) emitted by combustion vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to compare the long-term trends of NO and NO2 at six air monitoring sites of Maricopa County (Alamo Lake, Buckeye, West Phoenix, Greenwood, JLG Supersite and Central Phoenix). In addition, it is important to estimate how the trends in vehicular traffic and in NO emission rates have influenced ambient concentrations of NOx. We also calculate O3 concentrations from the NO2/NO ratios for morning and afternoon for four monitoring sites (Buckeye, West Phoenix, Greenwood and Central Phoenix). The results showed that all the NO2 concentrations are within the standards determined by EPA for these monitoring stations. Greenwood and Central Phoenix monitoring stations have the highest concentrations of NOx and the calculated ozone concentrations are much lower in winter than in summer. NOx mass emissions are decreasing over the years on the streets and roads around these monitoring stations because of the decentralization of urban areas in the Maricopa County and the vehicles are more efficient and emitting less pollutants.