Avaliação da genotoxicidade em efluentes líquidos da indústria frigorífica

Abstract

The degradation of water quality by the discharge of industrial wastewater, even treated to some degree, has been affecting the health of aquatic organisms, including being able to affect the health of humans, featuring a global environmental problem. Liquid effluents from the food industries A and B, the object of this study with recognized genotoxic potential, are only monitored through physical and chemical analyses. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the treatment system of wastewater from two food companies and their genotoxic effects in Astyanax sp. Fish were exposed to wastewater pre and post treatment as well as upstream and downstream of the release. The genotoxicity was evaluated according to the technique of the comet assay and micronucleus test in piscine. Physical, chemical and biological parameters of: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, volatile acids, COD, BOD5.20, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and coliforms were analyzed. Genotoxic analysis in 600 specimens of Astyanax sp, which exposed for 96 hours to raw wastewater, after treatment, and downstream water body in the two industries were used. The results obtained from this study indicated that in all samples, including post processing and downstream of the release, statistically significant damages were observed in the genetic material of the fish analyzed, with (p<0,0001). The results showed that the wastewater from industries A and B evaluated in this study, have genotoxic potential to cause harm to living organisms in the ecosystems in which they are embedded.