bachelorThesis
Avaliação do potencial da pirólise de resíduos sólidos urbanos como processamento termoquímico para recuperação de matéria e energia
Fecha
2015-06-25Registro en:
SILVEIRA, Paula Daolio. Avaliação do potencial da pirólise de resíduos sólidos urbanos como processamento termoquímico para recuperação de matéria e energia. 2015. 60 f.Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Londrina, 2015
Autor
Silveira, Paula Daolio
Resumen
The present work refers to the control of one of the biggest environmental issues faced by Brazil: the impropriate disposal of Municipal Solid Waste. The country lands properly almost 60 per cent of the waste collected in residences, leaving the rest of it disposed on irregular places, contributing to the environment deterioration. Thus, the search for solutions that minimize waste disposal become even more challenging. One alternative to the disposal of MSW is the thermal treatment, which minimizes the volume of the waste and consequently diminishes the demand for landfill areas. They also utilize the energetic potential of wastes and recover some chemical and mineral compounds. Pyrolysis is a process that is currently highlighted due to its huge potential of transforming wastes into fuels and even feedstock. The process consists in heating the wastes to temperatures of up to 700°C (depending on its goal) under an oxygen free atmosphere. These conditions favour the decomposition of the material to new products: chat, tar and gases, with energetic content varying between 11 – 35 MJ/kg. Therefore, the work objective is to submit a sample of MSW to the pyrolysis process to three different temperatures (400°C, 500°C and 600°C) and evaluate the influence of the temperature in the percentage and composition of each formed fraction. It was found that as the temperature is increased, the percentage of gaseous is also increased, and liquid products decreases. The solid fraction increased at 500°C and decreased at 600°C. Besides, there are other factors that also influence the formation of the products, as the lower flow rate of the nitrogen resulting in a higher permanence of the gases and vapours inside the reactor, favouring the secondary cracking and the formation of the solid products, also the permanency of the char on the reactor, contributing as well to the secondary reactions. Finally, it wasn’t possible to calculate the energetic value of the products because the data regarding its elementary composition wasn’t complete. Nevertheless the process was successful conducted, resulting in all of the three distinct fractions and showing it is possible to treat the MSW by transforming them in a clean energy source.