Análise das condições ergonômicas de trabalho em atividades típicas na execução de revestimentos em superfícies verticais de edificações

Abstract

The construction industry is one of the sectors of the economy that has one of the highest clearance rates of employees for work-related injuries, and most of these accidents, due, for example, muscle trauma of the jobs and poorly designed activities. Thus this dissertation aimed to undertake an analysis of ergonomic working conditions in typical activities in the execution of coatings on vertical surfaces of buildings. The research was classified as a study of exploratory case with qualitative and quantitative analyzes. The ergonomic analysis was performed with the application of OWAS and RULA methods, through the Nordic questionnaire and diagram of painful areas and the assessment of the environmental factor heat for Bricklayers two distinct works in the city of Paranaguá - PR. In the year 2014 it was carried out preliminary analysis and site survey data, activities and staff, and in 2015 were collected related to heat data with the aid of digital thermal stress meter, as well as the application of methods and compilation of results . The activities studied were the plaster and application of ceramics. The results showed that the plaster activity was the most critical to the health of workers, according to all ergonomic tools applied. As for the environmental factor heat, it was characterized as unhealthy, to be above the tolerance in three of the four measurements. It was also possible to conclude that the lower back and neck were the most affected in the studied tasks and that the application of ergonomic tools together brings more precision to the results, because they are complementary. To improve the work environment suggests the use of exhaust methods or ventilation, the implementation of the stands with adjustable height in the tasks or actions to capture the mortar trough, as well as performing tasks casters, or performing postural corrections, gymnastics and macroergonômicos studies.